metricas
covid
Buscar en
Medicina Clínica (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Gender inequality in the authorship of medical articles: Analysis of Medicina Cl...
Journal Information

Statistics

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

Letter to the Editor
Gender inequality in the authorship of medical articles: Analysis of Medicina Clínica, 1999 and 2014
Desigualdad de género en la autoría de artículos médicos: análisis de Medicina Clínica en 1999 y 2014
Isabel Padilla-Navas, María José Soler Sempere, Lucía Zamora Molina, Eduardo García-Pachón
Corresponding author
egpachon@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
Sección de Neumología, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
Read
Not available
Times
was read the article
Total PDF
Total HTML
Share statistics
 array:24 [
  "pii" => "S2387020616300328"
  "issn" => "23870206"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcle.2016.04.011"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-12-07"
  "aid" => "3263"
  "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U.. All rights reserved"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2015"
  "documento" => "simple-article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "cor"
  "cita" => "Med Clin. 2015;145:e31-2"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S0025775315001347"
      "issn" => "00257753"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcli.2015.02.016"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-12-07"
      "aid" => "3263"
      "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U."
      "documento" => "simple-article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "subdocumento" => "cor"
      "cita" => "Med Clin. 2015;145:e31-2"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => false
        "ES2" => false
        "LATM" => false
      ]
      "gratuito" => false
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 15
        "formatos" => array:2 [
          "HTML" => 7
          "PDF" => 8
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:10 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Carta al Editor</span>"
        "titulo" => "Desigualdad de g&#233;nero en la autor&#237;a de art&#237;culos m&#233;dicos&#58; an&#225;lisis de <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">Medicina Cl&#237;nica</span> en 1999 y 2014"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "e31"
            "paginaFinal" => "e32"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Gender inequality in the authorship of medical articles&#58; Analysis of <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">Medicina Clinica</span>&#44; 1999 and 2014"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Isabel Padilla-Navas, Mar&#237;a Jos&#233; Soler Sempere, Luc&#237;a Zamora Molina, Eduardo Garc&#237;a-Pach&#243;n"
            "autores" => array:4 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Isabel"
                "apellidos" => "Padilla-Navas"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a Jos&#233;"
                "apellidos" => "Soler Sempere"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Luc&#237;a"
                "apellidos" => "Zamora Molina"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Eduardo"
                "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Pach&#243;n"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2387020616300328"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcle.2016.04.011"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => false
            "ES2" => false
            "LATM" => false
          ]
          "gratuito" => false
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2387020616300328?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0025775315001347?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      "url" => "/00257753/0000014500000011/v1_201511240045/S0025775315001347/v1_201511240045/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2387020616300316"
    "issn" => "23870206"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcle.2016.04.010"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-12-07"
    "aid" => "3264"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46;"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "cor"
    "cita" => "Med Clin. 2015;145:e33-4"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>"
      "titulo" => "Cutaneous CD8&#43; T-cell lymphoma&#46; Regression after HIV antiviral triple therapy"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "e33"
          "paginaFinal" => "e34"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Linfoma cut&#225;neo CD8&#43; en paciente con infecci&#243;n por el VIH&#44; con resoluci&#243;n tras la instauraci&#243;n de tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Raquel Santesteban Muruz&#225;bal, Josune Mitxelena Ezeiza, Alicia C&#243;rdoba Iturriagagoitia, Ignacio Yanguas Bayona"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Raquel"
              "apellidos" => "Santesteban Muruz&#225;bal"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Josune"
              "apellidos" => "Mitxelena Ezeiza"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Alicia"
              "apellidos" => "C&#243;rdoba Iturriagagoitia"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ignacio"
              "apellidos" => "Yanguas Bayona"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0025775315001359"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcli.2015.02.017"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0025775315001359?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2387020616300316?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/23870206/0000014500000011/v1_201604300039/S2387020616300316/v1_201604300039/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2387020616300341"
    "issn" => "23870206"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcle.2016.04.013"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-12-07"
    "aid" => "3259"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46;"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "cor"
    "cita" => "Med Clin. 2015;145:508-9"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>"
      "titulo" => "Symmetric polyarthritis in a patient with multicentric reticulohistiocytosis"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "508"
          "paginaFinal" => "509"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Poliartritis sim&#233;trica en un paciente con reticulohistiocitosis multic&#233;ntrica"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 732
              "Ancho" => 976
              "Tamanyo" => 94443
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Arthritis in wrists&#44; tenosynovitis of both flexor carpi&#44; most evident in the left hand&#44; and fleshy papulonodular lesions on the back of several fingers&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "M&#46; &#193;ngeles Contreras Blasco, Patricia L&#243;pez Viejo"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46; &#193;ngeles"
              "apellidos" => "Contreras Blasco"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Patricia"
              "apellidos" => "L&#243;pez Viejo"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S002577531500130X"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcli.2015.02.012"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S002577531500130X?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2387020616300341?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/23870206/0000014500000011/v1_201604300039/S2387020616300341/v1_201604300039/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:14 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>"
    "titulo" => "Gender inequality in the authorship of medical articles&#58; Analysis of <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">Medicina Cl&#237;nica</span>&#44; 1999 and 2014"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "saludo" => "Dear Editor&#44;"
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "e31"
        "paginaFinal" => "e32"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Isabel Padilla-Navas, Mar&#237;a Jos&#233; Soler Sempere, Luc&#237;a Zamora Molina, Eduardo Garc&#237;a-Pach&#243;n"
        "autores" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "Isabel"
            "apellidos" => "Padilla-Navas"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a Jos&#233;"
            "apellidos" => "Soler Sempere"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "Luc&#237;a"
            "apellidos" => "Zamora Molina"
          ]
          3 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Eduardo"
            "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Pach&#243;n"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "egpachon&#64;gmail&#46;com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "entidad" => "Secci&#243;n de Neumolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital General Universitario de Elche&#44; Elche&#44; Alicante&#44; Spain"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Desigualdad de g&#233;nero en la autor&#237;a de art&#237;culos m&#233;dicos&#58; an&#225;lisis de <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">Medicina Cl&#237;nica</span> en 1999 y 2014"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Women constitute a high percentage of professionals both in clinical activity and biomedical research&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> However&#44; several international studies have indicated that there is inequality in the proportion of women in the authorship of medical publications&#44; but with a progressive increase in participation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> In Spain&#44; Schiaffino et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> analysed the articles published by women in 1998 in 4 magazines and observed great differences&#59; depending on the journal&#44; between 9&#37; and 39&#37; of the first signatories were women&#44; being <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">Medicina Cl&#237;nica</span> the magazine with more female participation&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One might assume that inequality in women&#39;s authorship is being progressively resolved &#40;in recent years&#44; they have increased as first authors&#41;&#46; However&#44; a detailed analysis shows that in positions that could indicate more prestige&#44; as the last signatory &#40;or senior author&#41; or the authorship of leading articles&#44; a female underrepresentation remains&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3&#44;5</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate the progression of female authors&#44; we have analysed 2 periods of <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">Medicina Cl&#237;nica</span> data&#58; 1999 and 15 years later&#44; in 2014&#46; This magazine has the advantage of being multidisciplinary&#44; with a high annual volume of published articles&#46; The names of the signatories of articles published in 1999 and in 2014 were reviewed from the magazine&#39;s website &#40;<a id="intr0010" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-medicina-clinica-2-numeros-anteriores">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;elsevier&#46;es&#47;es-revista-medicina-clinica-2-numeros-anteriores</a>&#41;&#46; Book reviews and reports were excluded&#44; and the clinicopathological conferences and articles in images because the volumes of 1999 did not allow to identify the sex of the authors&#46; Regarding the other articles&#44; authorship could not be identified in 37 of the year 1999 &#40;excluding the analysis&#41;&#44; while all the articles of 2014 could be identified&#46; We analysed the total number of authors &#40;corresponds to the number of signatures&#44; so that the same author will appear as often as his&#47;her signature appears&#41;&#44; first and last signatory in the total number of documents&#44; and a separate analysis was performed for the published articles&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#44; there has been a significant increase in the number of women who sign articles &#40;in general&#41; and signatories as first and last authors&#46; However&#44; the occurrence of first and&#44; in particular&#44; last authors is disproportionately low for the number of female doctors registered in the years prior to the publication&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> when the articles were prepared&#58; women in 1998 were 36&#37; of registered doctors&#44; and in 2013&#44; 48&#37;&#46; When we look at the editorials&#44; potential indicators of the influence of authors in publications&#44; it is very striking to see that the small increase in women did not reach statistical significance&#44; being only 18&#37; as first author of an editorial&#44; very similar to what happened 15 years earlier&#46; This situation also occurs in other countries of our environment and it is not exclusive to medicine&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Although the reason for this deterioration of authorship figures &#40;number and position&#41; in the published documents has not been studied&#44; a possible lower participation in collaborative studies has been suggested&#44; less negotiating effort to occupy the authorship positions or even the possibility of a bias in the evaluation of articles&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> However&#44; the main reason could be related to the fact that women continue to hold less visible and less prestigious positions or activities within healthcare when compared to men&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> But it is also clear that&#44; at least in the editorials that are prepared at the invitation of the Editorial Board&#44; women are not usually included&#44; even though nowadays there are more women than men holding important clinical and teaching positions&#44; compared to the small percentage that signs the editorials&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our data shows that even in a magazine with high female authorship as <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">Medicina Cl&#237;nica</span>&#44; the number of female authors is proportionally lower than those who participate in clinical research&#44; even though there has been a significant increase in these 15 years&#46; However&#44; in editorials&#44; women are clearly underrepresented&#46; Therefore&#44; serious consideration should be given in order to encourage an equitable share in these type of articles&#46;</p></span>"
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Please cite this article as&#58; Padilla-Navas I&#44; Soler Sempere MJ&#44; Zamora Molina L&#44; Garc&#237;a-Pach&#243;n E&#46; Desigualdad de g&#233;nero en la autor&#237;a de art&#237;culos m&#233;dicos&#58; an&#225;lisis de <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">Medicina Cl&#237;nica</span> en 1999 y 2014&#46; Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;&#46; 2015&#59;145&#58;e31&#8211;e32&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:1 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">NS&#58; not significant&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Value of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span> test for comparison of proportions&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1999 data&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2014 data&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Number of documents</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">465&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">301&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Total no&#46; authors</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Men&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1254 &#40;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">645 &#40;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Women&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">543 &#40;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">492 &#40;43&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">First author</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Men&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">348 &#40;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">182 &#40;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Women&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">117 &#40;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">119 &#40;40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Last author</span>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Men&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">312 &#40;81&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">177 &#40;67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">0&#46;0005</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Women&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">74 &#40;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">87 &#40;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Editorials</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">total no&#46; authors</span>&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Men&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">80 &#40;85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49 &#40;79&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">NS</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Women&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Editorials</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">first author</span>&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Men&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55 &#40;85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33 &#40;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">NS</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Women&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1037628.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">In articles with more than one author&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Authors&#8217; sex in the <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">Medicina Cl&#237;nica</span> articles&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:7 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mujeres m&#233;dicas e investigaci&#243;n en salud"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Alc&#243;n"
                            1 => "T&#46; Pe&#241;a"
                            2 => "P&#46; Arrizabalga"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "138"
                        "paginaInicial" => "343"
                        "paginaFinal" => "348"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The &#8220;gender gap&#8221; in authorship of academic medical literature &#8211; a 35-year perspective"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Jagsi"
                            1 => "E&#46;A&#46; Guancial"
                            2 => "C&#46;C&#46; Worobey"
                            3 => "L&#46;E&#46; Henault"
                            4 => "Y&#46; Chang"
                            5 => "R&#46; Starr"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMsa053910"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "355"
                        "paginaInicial" => "281"
                        "paginaFinal" => "287"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16855268"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The gender imbalance in academic medicine&#58; a study of female authorship in the United Kingdom"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Sidhu"
                            1 => "P&#46; Rajashekhar"
                            2 => "V&#46;L&#46; Lavin"
                            3 => "J&#46; Parry"
                            4 => "J&#46; Attwood"
                            5 => "A&#46; Holdcroft"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1258/jrsm.2009.080378"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J R Soc Med"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "102"
                        "paginaInicial" => "337"
                        "paginaFinal" => "342"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679736"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Autor&#237;a y presentaci&#243;n de resultados seg&#250;n el g&#233;nero en cuatro revistas biom&#233;dicas espa&#241;olas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Grupo de G&#233;nero y Salud P&#250;blica de SESPAS"
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Schiaffino"
                            1 => "M&#46; Garc&#237;a"
                            2 => "E&#46; Fern&#225;ndez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "251"
                        "paginaFinal" => "254"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423030"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The role of gender in scholarly authorship"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46;D&#46; West"
                            1 => "J&#46; Jacquet"
                            2 => "M&#46;M&#46; King"
                            3 => "S&#46;J&#46; Correll"
                            4 => "C&#46;T&#46; Bergstrom"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0066212"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "PLOS ONE"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e66212"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894278"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Instituto Nacional de Estad&#237;stica&#46; Profesionales sanitarios colegiados&#46; Available from&#58; <a id="intr0015" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis%26path=/t15/p416%26file=inebase">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;ine&#46;es&#47;jaxi&#47;menu&#46;do&#63;type&#61;pcaxis&#38;path&#61;&#47;t15&#47;p416&#38;file&#61;inebase</a> &#91;accessed 15&#46;02&#46;15&#93;&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mujeres en sanidad&#58; entre la igualdad y la desigualdad"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;I&#46; Pastor Gos&#225;lbez"
                            1 => "A&#46; Belzunegui Eraso"
                            2 => "P&#46; Pont&#243;n Merino"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cuad Relac Labor"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "30"
                        "paginaInicial" => "407"
                        "paginaFinal" => "518"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/23870206/0000014500000011/v1_201604300039/S2387020616300328/v1_201604300039/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "43309"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23870206/0000014500000011/v1_201604300039/S2387020616300328/v1_201604300039/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2387020616300328?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]
Article information
ISSN: 23870206
Original language: English
The statistics are updated each day

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos