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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Early intensive treatment improves outcomes in patients with glomerular hyperfil...
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Original article
Early intensive treatment improves outcomes in patients with glomerular hyperfiltration and type 2 diabetes
El tratamiento intensivo precoz mejora los resultados en pacientes con hiperfiltración glomerular y diabetes tipo 2
Maria-Isabel Troyaa,b,c,
Corresponding author
m.troyasaborido@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Josep Boneta,b,c, Isabel Salinasd, Ferran Torrese,f, Jordi Bonala, Anna Sanmartíd, Ramón Romeroa,b,c
a Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
b Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
c Institut Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
d Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
e Biostatistics and Data Management Core Facility, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
f Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diabetic nephropathy is the most frequent cause of chronic kidney disease in patients requiring renal replacement therapy &#40;RRT&#41; worldwide&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> According to the World Health Organization&#44; the prevalence of diabetes is expected to double within the next 20 years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Type 2 diabetes mellitus &#40;T2DM&#41; is the most common form of diabetes&#44; with approximately 24&#8226;40&#37; of these patients developing kidney damage&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physiopathologically&#44; diabetic nephropathy is characterized by an initial period of hyperfiltration&#44; and this event plays a central role in the pathogenesis and progression of renal disease in experimental diabetes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> However&#44; small cohort studies suggest that type 1 and type 2 diabetic subjects with glomerular hyperfiltration may be at increased risk of accelerated renal function loss or progression to albuminuria&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Further&#44; this initial period of hyperfiltartion is followed by a subsequent period of deterioration in glomerular filtration and albuminuria&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Therefore&#44; the importance of starting treatment at this hyperfiltration stage may affect the progression of renal injury in T2DM&#46; In fact&#44; albuminuria is used as an early marker of glomerular and vascular injury&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; long-term studies evaluating the evolution of renal function using isotopic determination of the glomerular filtration rate &#40;GFR&#41;&#44; and the associated long-term consequences of diabetic nephropathy&#44; are scarce&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Because formulas assessing renal function are not ideal in patients with GFR greater than 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#44; the use of isotopic determination of GFR is indicated in these patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> The objective of the study was to evaluate the long-term evolution of glomerular filtration using annual isotopic determination of GFR and urinary albumin excretion &#40;UAE&#41; in patients with T2DM undergoing intensive treatment for renal and cardiovascular risk factors&#46; We also evaluated possible independent risk factors affecting the progression of renal function to identify patients at greater risk for diabetic nephropathy&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Patients</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We carried out a single-center prospective study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> of 201 patients with T2DM with no prior history of cardiovascular disease&#44; who were consecutively referred to our hospital&#39;s outpatient clinic to test for UAE&#46; Patients attended the outpatient clinic between the years 1985&#8226;1995 and were followed until 2011 or until the appearance of a renal event or death&#46; Renal events occurring during the study were considered significant if the patient required RRT&#44; renal transplantation&#44; and&#47;or when baseline creatinine doubled&#46; Diabetic nephropathy was defined as impaired renal function and&#47;or UAE in T2DM patients with diabetic retinopathy&#46; Individuals with other causes of primary nephropathy and cardiovascular events were excluded from the study&#46; Cardiovascular events were defined as ischemic heart disease in the form of angina or myocardial infarction&#44; stroke&#44; and severe peripheral vascular disease requiring surgery or sympathectomy&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was presented at the Ethics Committee and approved&#46; Furthermore&#44; all patients provided their informed consent to participate in the study&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At the start of the study&#44; patients were undergoing intensive treatment for glycemic control&#44; blood pressure&#44; UAE&#44; and dyslipidemia&#44; according to the current guidelines for each time period&#46; &#40;All patients were treated with renin angiotensin aldosterone system &#91;RAAS&#93; blockers&#46; Initially&#44; patients were given captopril 100&#8226;150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day&#59; later&#44; lisinopril 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day was used&#46; When angiotensin II receptor antagonists &#40;ARA II&#41; began to be used&#44; some patients switched to irbesartan 150&#8226;300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day&#46;&#41;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Intensive treatment &#40;control of blood pressure&#44; metabolism&#44; and lipids&#41; was defined according to the ADA guidelines approved in 1985 and 1990<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a>&#59; we subsequently followed current ADA guidelines for each time period over the course of the follow-up&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following demographic data were collected&#58; age&#44; gender&#44; body mass index &#40;BMI&#41;&#44; evolution &#40;in years&#41; from diagnosis of T2DM until the beginning of the study&#44; and systolic and diastolic pressure&#46; In addition&#44; we performed isotopic determinations of GFR every 12 months during the follow-up period&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients were classified by the duration of T2DM at baseline&#44; prior to the start the study&#44; using tertiles&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Methodology</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Blood samples were collected at the same time that GFR was measured&#46; Annual biochemical parameters &#40;serum creatinine&#44; glucose&#44; albumin&#44; cholesterol&#44; HDL cholesterol&#44; LDL cholesterol&#44; triglycerides&#41; were measured using an autoanalyzer &#40;Technicon Autoanalyzer&#44; Tarrytown&#44; New York&#44; USA&#41;&#46; In the earlier years of the study&#44; HbA1c was measured using chromatography &#40;Biosystem&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain&#59; normal range&#58; 5&#46;0&#8226;6&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#46; After 1995&#44; an HbA1c analyzer with ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography &#40;Hitachi L-9100&#59; normal range&#58; 3&#46;3&#8226;6&#46;0&#37;&#41; was used&#46; UAE was measured using nephelometry &#40;CV&#58; inter-study 5&#37;&#44; intra-study 3&#37;&#44; sensitivity 1&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;l&#41;&#46; UAE was categorized as less than 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h &#40;normal&#41; and 30&#8226;300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h &#40;positive&#41; in three consecutive determinations analyzed in a period of six months in the absence of urinary infection&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> All measurements of serum and urinary creatinine were performed in the same laboratory and determined using Jaffe&#39;s alkaline picrate method &#40;normal range of SCr&#58; 0&#46;6&#8226;1&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL&#41;&#44; and calibrated using a SET point Calibrator &#40;Bayer Corporation&#41;&#46; Annual Isotopic determinations of GFR were carried out using a single-shot clearance technique using an intravenous injection of 30&#8226;50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mCi <span class="elsevierStyleSup">125</span>I-iothalamate&#59; blood was drawn at specific time intervals and values were corrected for body surface area of 1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46; Glomerular hyperfiltration was considered when the isotopic GFR was greater than 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Both the UAE as GFR were categorized based on clinical criteria cut-offs recognized in the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Blood pressure was taken in the right arm with the patient in the supine position using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer&#46; Subjects rested for 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min before blood pressure readings&#59; two readings were taken and the mean of the two readings was calculated&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Descriptive statistics are frequencies &#40;&#37;&#41;&#44; mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation or median &#40;percentile 25&#8226;percentile 75&#44; P25&#8226;P75&#41;&#44; as appropriate&#44; or otherwise specified&#46; The Chi-square test was used for categorical variables&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test or the one-way ANOVA for Gaussian distributed variables &#40;for 2 or more than two groups&#44; respectively&#41; and for non-Gaussian continuous variables we used non-parametric methods &#40;Mann&#8226;Whitney test for two groups or Kruskal&#8226;Wallis for more than two groups&#41;&#46; Mixed models for repeated measurements &#40;MMRM&#41; were used for the repeated measurements based on the likelihood of estimating the slope of decline for the isotopic determinations of GFR&#46; The survival function was calculated using the Kaplan&#8226;Meier method&#46; Variables with a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;2 on the univariate Cox analysis were considered for the multivariate model using a backward elimination approach&#46; We used the following statistical analysis packages&#58; SAS version 9&#46;2 software &#40;SAS Institute Cary&#44; NC&#44; USA&#41; and SPSS version 18&#46;0 &#40;SPSS&#44; Inc&#46;&#44; Chicago&#44; IL&#44; USA&#41;&#44; and the level of significance was established at the two-sided 0&#46;05 level&#44; except for the multivariate Cox model &#40;0&#46;10 two-sided level&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Results</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study sample included 201 patients with T2DM and UAE with no history of cardiovascular events who received intensive treatment at our hospital for renal and cardiovascular risk factors&#46; The sample included 120 women &#40;59&#46;7&#37;&#41; and 81 men &#40;40&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; with a mean baseline age of 53&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#46;1 years &#40;range 25&#8226;70 years&#41;&#46; Six patients &#40;3&#37;&#41; were lost in follow-up&#44; mainly because of changing residency&#44; bringing the total number of patients that completed the study to 195&#46; Follow-up was 19 &#40;13&#8226;22&#41; years&#46; Diabetes was diagnosed at a mean of 8 &#40;4&#8226;14&#41; years prior to the beginning of the study&#44; rest of characteristics at baseline and at the last control visit shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients were divided into groups according to the evolution of renal function&#58; 167 patients &#40;85&#46;6&#37;&#41; had stable creatinine&#44; 16 patients &#40;8&#46;2&#37;&#41; had doubled creatinine levels&#44; and 12 patients &#40;6&#46;2&#37;&#41; initiated RRT&#46; We found significant differences between the three groups with respect to the duration of T2DM prior to the initiation of the study&#44; years of follow-up in the study&#44; baseline systolic blood pressure&#44; serum creatinine&#44; isotopic GFR&#44; and UAE &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When patients were grouped into one of three groups according to the time &#40;in years&#41; from diagnosis of T2DM until the initiation of intensive treatment &#40;0&#8226;5&#44; 5&#8226;11&#44; more than 11 years&#41; using tertiles&#44; significant differences were observed in age at baseline&#44; total years of follow-up for T2DM&#44; systolic blood pressure&#44; HbA1c&#44; isotopic GFR&#44; and UAE &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; when data was analyzed at the end of the follow-up period&#44; differences were only detected in isotopic GFR and UAE&#46; And&#44; when patients were grouped according to total years of evolution of T2DM&#44; no significant differences were found&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During follow-up&#44; the group who had been diagnosed with T2DM less than 5 years prior to intensive treatment had only 3 patients &#40;4&#46;5&#37;&#41; with doubled creatinine&#44; while the group who had T2DM for more than 11 years prior to intensive treatment had 18 patients &#40;29&#37;&#41; with doubled creatinine &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The slopes for renal function evolution were calculated using repeated isotopic determinations of GFR according to renal function evolution&#46; Patients with stable creatinine had a slope of &#8743;1&#46;55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#47;year&#59; those in whom creatinine had doubled had &#8743;2&#46;49<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#47;year&#59; and those requiring RRT had &#8743;8&#46;16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#47;year&#44; with statistically significant differences between the first and third groups &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;044&#41;&#46; Although it did not reach statistical significance&#44; the difference in slopes between the second and third group was 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#47;year &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;129&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The hazard ratio of doubling creatinine was calculated using doubled creatinine plus RRT as the dependent variable in the Cox regression analysis&#46; Independent risk factors included the duration of T2DM prior to entry in this study&#44; UAE below 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; systolic blood pressure&#44; and isotopic GFR above 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the survival analysis&#44; the Kaplan&#8226;Meier method was used to analyze the risk of renal event&#44; using glomerular hyperfiltration and UAE greater than 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h as categorical variables&#46; We observed that patients with glomerular hyperfiltration &#40;isotopic GFR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; UAE at any level had a lower rate of doubling creatinine&#46; Patients with an isotopic GFR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> and UAE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h had the worst evolution in renal function &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discussion</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Isotopic determination of GFR revealed that our patients with T2DM and UAE undergoing intensive therapy for renal and cardiovascular risk factors had a small percentage of renal events &#40;14&#46;4&#37;&#41; over long-term follow-up &#8226; a lower percentage than that found in other studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Other authors observed that independent risk factors for the prognosis of diabetic nephropathy included GFR&#44; UAE&#44; and evolution from diagnosis of T2DM&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Our results suggest that&#44; although isotopic GFR and UAE should be taken into account when defining and classifying chronic kidney disease&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> the evolution of T2DM should also be considered with respect to when to start treatment with RAAS blockers and other treatments for renal and cardiovascular risk factors&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">RAAS blockers have been shown to reduce UAE and preserve renal function in both clinical and experimental studies&#46; These drugs result in early normalization of podocyte morphology&#44; and therefore have an anti-proteinuric effect&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Blood pressure control improves renal evolution&#44; because RAAS blockers produce intraglomerular hemodynamic changes and a subsequent decrease in UAE&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Indeed&#44; a subgroup of patients with uncontrolled blood pressure from the UK Prospective Diabetes Study &#40;UKPDS&#41; showed that only 29&#37; of patients undergoing intensive metabolic control achieved a reduction in UAE to less than 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L&#44; while those with albuminuria over 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L or with renal failure did not achieve such reductions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Thus&#44; in our study&#44; all patients were treated with RAAS blockers and the target blood pressure was 140&#47;90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> Systolic blood pressure was detected as an independent factor in the evolution of renal function&#46; As such&#44; intensified and especially early blood pressure control with RAAS blockers should be a goal in patients with emerging diabetic nephropathy to slow the decline in renal function&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some studies have shown a positive association between baseline HbA1c and the progression of diabetic nephropathy&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;19</span></a> but in our group there were no significant differences in metabolic control measured by HbA1c&#46; However&#44; it should be noted that 43&#46;3&#37; of our patients were treated with insulin&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We measured renal function using isotopic determinations of GFR with <span class="elsevierStyleSup">125</span>I-iothalamate&#44; because it is known that equations used to predict renal function underestimate GFR in T2DM patients with normal renal function&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;20</span></a> We found that renal function status at the onset of intensive therapy is a determining factor in predicting its evolution over time&#44; as demonstrated in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#46; A large percentage of our patients had glomerular hyperfiltration at the start of intensive therapy&#44; and it is known that this increases the risk of albuminuria and the progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Schmieder and colleagues found an association between hyperfiltration and early renal damage in individuals with essential hypertension&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;23</span></a> In contrast&#44; in our study glomerular hyperfiltration patients undergoing intensive treatment maintained stable renal function for at least 18 years&#46; As shown by Okada et al&#46;&#44; early treatment of hyperglycemia and high blood pressure in patients with hyperfiltration prevented the progression to chronic kidney disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> In our study&#44; patients with glomerular hyperfiltration had a lower incidence of renal events&#44; independently of UAE level&#46; However&#44; patients who did not have glomerular hyperfiltration with a UAE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h had a greater incidence of renal events &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; This was related to a longer delay in intensive treatment after diagnosis of T2DM&#44; as patients with no glomerular hyperfiltration and UAE greater than 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h had passed the stage of glomerular hyperfiltration before beginning intensive treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; UAE is an early sign of diabetic nephropathy and a main predictor of the progression and speed of renal damage&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;25&#44;26</span></a> As such&#44; an elevated UAE predicts greater renal damage&#44; and&#44; as a consequence&#44; a faster decline in renal function&#46; Thus&#44; in the post hoc analysis of the RENAAL trial&#44; proteinuria was observed to be an independent risk factor for doubling creatinine or developing advanced chronic kidney disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Studies have also shown that the slope of decline for GFR is associated with multiple factors&#44; such as albuminuria&#44; arterial blood pressure&#44; HbA1c<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#37;&#44; duration of diabetes&#44; obesity&#44; and intensive treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#8226;29</span></a> In our study&#44; there were no significant differences between the GFR slopes of patients with doubled creatine and those requiring RRT&#44; the difference being 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> slower&#46; However&#44; the time interval until kidney failure has been described as approximately 10 years when the decline is &#8805;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> We also observed that the patients with stable renal function had an isotopic GFR progression 50&#37; slower than those who had a renal event&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Study limitations</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study had some limitations&#46; It did not contain a control group and was a single-center study&#44; and &#8220;intensive treatment&#8221; was defined according to the American Diabetes Association guidelines approved at each time period during follow-up&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conclusion</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; according to our study&#44; patients with T2DM with glomerular hyperfiltration at baseline intensively treated for renal and cardiovascular risk factors exhibited a better progression in renal function than patients without hyperfiltration over long follow-up&#46; This could be due to the early initiation of intensive treatment&#46; Although diabetic nephropathy is associated with classic risk factors such as hypertension and UAE&#44; early initiation of intensive treatment should be a priority to prevent renal function decline&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Background and objective"
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              "titulo" => "Patients and methods"
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              "titulo" => "Results"
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              "titulo" => "Conclusion"
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          "titulo" => "Keywords"
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          "titulo" => "Resumen"
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              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Antecedentes y objetivo"
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              "titulo" => "Pacientes y m&#232;c&#41;todos"
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        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec657454"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Patients"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Methodology"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analysis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Results"
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        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
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        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0040"
          "titulo" => "Study limitations"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Conclusion"
        ]
        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
        ]
        11 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xack218286"
          "titulo" => "Acknowledgment"
        ]
        12 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2014-11-04"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2015-05-28"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec657455"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Early intensive treatment"
            1 => "Glomerular hyperfiltration"
            2 => "Isotopic glomerular filtration rate"
            3 => "Long-term renal survival"
            4 => "Type 2 diabetic nephropathy"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec657454"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Tratamiento intensivo precoz"
            1 => "Hiperfiltraci&#243;n glomerular"
            2 => "Filtrado glomerular isot&#243;pico"
            3 => "Supervivencia renal a largo plazo"
            4 => "Nefropat&#237;a diab&#232;c&#41;tica tipo 2"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background and objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Approximately 24&#8226;40&#37; of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus &#40;T2DM&#41; develop kidney damage&#46; Our objective was to evaluate the long-term evolution of renal function using isotopic determination of GFR and urinary albumin excretion &#40;UAE&#41; in patients with T2DM undergoing intensive treatment for renal and cardiovascular risk factors&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Patients and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This was a single-center&#44; prospective study of 201 patients with T2DM and UAE who initiated intensive treatment&#46; They were followed for 17&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;5 years&#46; Patients were divided into three groups&#44; according to renal function&#58; 167&#40;85&#46;6&#37;&#41; had stable renal function&#44; 16&#40;8&#46;2&#37;&#41; had creatinine levels that doubled and 12&#40;6&#46;2&#37;&#41; began renal replacement therapy &#40;RRT&#41;&#46; We performed periodic isotopic determinations of GFR using <span class="elsevierStyleSup">125</span>I-iothalamate&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There were significant differences between the three groups with respect to age&#44; duration of T2DM at baseline&#44; years of follow-up in the study and systolic blood pressure&#44; serum creatinine&#44; isotopic GFR&#44; and UAE at baseline&#46; Renal function evolution slopes were &#8743;1&#46;55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#47;year in patients with stable creatinine&#44; &#8743;2&#46;49<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#47;year in those with doubled creatinine&#44; and &#8743;8&#46;16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#47;year in those requiring RRT&#46; We also found that differences in renal events were determined by delayed initiation of intensive treatment&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with glomerular hyperfiltration who were undergoing treatment with renin angiotensin aldosterone system blockers exhibited a better evolution in renal function&#44; possibly because these patients initiated intensive treatment earlier&#46; Although diabetic nephropathy is associated with classic risk factors&#44; early initiation of intensive treatment should be a priority in order to prevent worsening renal function&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Background and objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Patients and methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
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      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Antecedentes y objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Aproximadamente el 24-40&#37; de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 &#40;DM2&#41; desarrollan da&#241;o renal&#46; Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la evoluci&#243;n a largo plazo de la funci&#243;n renal mediante la determinaci&#243;n isot&#243;pica del filtrado glomerular &#40;FG&#41; y la excreci&#243;n urinaria de alb&#250;mina &#40;EUA&#41; en pacientes con DM2 en tratamiento intensivo de los factores de riesgo renal y cardiovascular&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Pacientes y m&#232;c&#41;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio prospectivo unic&#232;c&#41;ntrico de 201 pacientes con DM2 y EUA que iniciaron un tratamiento intensivo&#46; El seguimiento fue de 17&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;5 a&#241;os&#46; Los pacientes fueron divididos en 3 grupos seg&#250;n la funci&#243;n renal al final&#58; 167 &#40;85&#44;6&#37;&#41; ten&#237;an funci&#243;n renal estable&#44; 16 &#40;8&#44;2&#37;&#41; doblaron la creatinina y 12 &#40;6&#44;2&#37;&#41; requirieron tratamiento renal sustitutivo &#40;TRS&#41;&#46; Se realizaron determinaciones isot&#243;picas peri&#243;dicas del FG usando <span class="elsevierStyleSup">125</span>I-iotalamato&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hay diferencias significativas entre los 3 grupos respecto a la edad&#44; los a&#241;os de duraci&#243;n de la DM2 al inicio&#44; los a&#241;os de seguimiento&#44; la presi&#243;n arterial sist&#243;lica&#44; la creatinina s&#232;c&#41;rica&#44; el FG isot&#243;pico y la EUA basal&#46; Las pendientes de evoluci&#243;n de la funci&#243;n renal fueron&#58; &#8743;1&#44;55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;min&#47;1&#44;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#47;a&#241;o en pacientes estables&#44; &#8743;2&#44;49<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;min&#47;1&#44;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#47;a&#241;o en los que doblaron la creatinina y &#8743;8&#44;16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;min&#47;1&#44;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#47;a&#241;o en los que requirieron TRS&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; esta diferente evoluci&#243;n de la funci&#243;n renal ven&#237;a determinada por el inicio tard&#237;o del tratamiento intensivo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes con hiperfiltraci&#243;n glomerular en tratamiento con bloqueadores del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona mostraron una mejor evoluci&#243;n de la funci&#243;n renal&#44; posiblemente debido a que estos pacientes iniciaron tratamiento intensivo antes&#46; Aunque la nefropat&#237;a diab&#232;c&#41;tica se asocia a factores de riesgo cl&#225;sicos&#44; el tratamiento intensivo precoz debe ser una prioridad con el fin de prevenir el deterioro de la funci&#243;n renal&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
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            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Antecedentes y objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Pacientes y m&#232;c&#41;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:5 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1633
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Kaplan&#8226;Meier survival analysis of the risk of doubling creatinine according to baseline isotopic GFR and UAE over a mean of 17 years of follow-up&#46; The only difference was observed between baseline isotopic GFR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> and baseline UAE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h and the other three groups &#40;LogRank 0&#46;004&#41;&#46; Isotopic GFR&#44; isotopic glomerular filtration rate&#59; UAE&#44; urinary albumin excretion&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data using mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">T2DM&#58; type 2 diabetes mellitus&#59; BMI&#58; Body Mass Index&#59; HbA1c&#58; glycated hemoglobin&#59; HDL&#58; high-density lipoprotein&#59; LDL&#58; low-density lipoprotein&#59; isotopic GFR&#58; isotopic glomerular filtration rate&#59; UAE&#58; urinary albumin excretion&#59; SD&#58; standard deviation&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>195 patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baseline value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Last follow-up value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Age &#40;years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">53&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">70&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Total years of T2DM<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;4&#8226;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;5 &#40;21&#8226;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Systolic blood pressure &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">142&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>26&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">142&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Diastolic blood pressure &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">75&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">BMI &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HbA1c &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Total cholesterol &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">224&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>52&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">181&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>42&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HDL cholesterol &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">LDL cholesterol &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">143&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>43&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">111&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>38&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Triglycerides &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">170&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>154&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">137&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>67&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Serum creatinine &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Isotopic GFR &#40;mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">123&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>33&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">116&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">UAE &#40;mg&#47;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">233&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>675&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">547&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1520&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Data using median &#40;25 percentile&#8226;75 percentile&#41;&#46;</p>"
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of the type 2 diabetic study patients at baseline since 1985 and at the last follow-up visit in 2011&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data using mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&#46;</p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">RRT&#58; renal replacement therapy&#59; T2DM&#58; type 2 diabetes mellitus&#59; BMI&#58; Body Mass Index&#59; HbA1c&#58; glycated hemoglobin&#59; HDL&#58; high-density lipoprotein&#59; LDL&#58; low-density lipoprotein&#59; isotopic GFR&#58; isotopic glomerular filtration rate&#59; UAE&#58; urinary albumin excretion&#59; SD&#58; standard deviation&#59; NS&#58; non-significant&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>195 patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Stable creatinine &#40;167 patients&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Doubled creatinine &#40;16 patients&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RRT &#40;12 patients&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ANOVA <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Age &#40;years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">52&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">56&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">57&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;111&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Years of T2DM prior to intensive treatment<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;3&#8226;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;8&#8226;16&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&#46;5 &#40;10&#8226;24&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;008<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Years follow-up<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20 &#40;15&#8226;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;4&#46;6&#8226;20&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;5&#46;5&#8226;12&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;002<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Total years of T2DM duration at the end of follow-up<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26 &#40;22&#8226;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;8 &#40;19&#46;3&#8226;33&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&#46;5 &#40;17&#46;5&#8226;31&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;826<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Systolic blood pressure &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">139&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>26&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">155&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">158&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;006&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Diastolic blood pressure &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">80&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">81&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;167&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">BMI &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;544&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HbA1c &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;196&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Total cholesterol &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">222&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>48&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">234&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>84&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">235&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>41&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;515&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HDL cholesterol &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">45&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;461&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">LDL cholesterol &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">143&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>42&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">140&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>51&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">154&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>48&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;706&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Triglycerides &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">163&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>150&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">232&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>183&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">193&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>154&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;204&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Serum creatinine &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Isotopic GFR &#40;mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">127&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">110&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">75&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">UAE &#40;mg&#47;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">124&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>420&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">892&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1628&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">873&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>715&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                0 => "xTab1062182.png"
              ]
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Kruskal&#8226;Wallis&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Baseline clinical characteristics of the type 2 diabetic study patients divided into three groups according to renal evolution at the end of the study&#46;</p>"
        ]
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        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data using mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&#46;</p><p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">T2DM&#58; type 2 diabetes mellitus&#59; BMI&#58; Body Mass Index&#59; HbA1c&#58; glycated hemoglobin&#59; HDL&#58; high-density lipoprotein&#59; LDL&#58; low-density lipoprotein&#59; isotopic GFR&#58; isotopic glomerular filtration rate&#59; UAE&#58; urinary albumin excretion&#59; SD&#58; standard deviation&#59; NS&#58; non-significant&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>195 patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#60;5 years &#40;68 patients&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">5&#8226;11 years &#40;67 patients&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#62;11 years &#40;66 patients&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ANOVA <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Age &#40;years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Monitoring treatment &#40;years&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20 &#40;17&#46;5&#8226;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19 &#40;14&#8226;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18 &#40;9&#8226;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;024<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Total years of T2DM duration<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22 &#40;19&#8226;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#46;8 &#40;21&#8226;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32&#46;5 &#40;27&#8226;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Systolic blood pressure &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">134&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>26&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">147&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">145&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;007&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Diastolic blood pressure &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">74&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">78&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">78&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;063&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">BMI &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;683&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HbA1c &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Total cholesterol &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">221&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>47&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">227&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>56&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">224&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;886&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HDL cholesterol &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">47&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;375&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">LDL cholesterol &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">141&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>42&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">145&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>48&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">143&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>38&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;854&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Triglycerides &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">167&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>117&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">187&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>196&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">153&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>132&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;305&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Serum creatinine &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;99<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;93<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;07<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;050&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Isotopic GFR &#40;mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">129&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">126&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">115&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;049&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">UAE &#40;mg&#47;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">131&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>330&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">142&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>341&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">416&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1040&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Doubled creatinine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;5&#37; &#40;3 patients&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;4&#37; &#40;7 patients&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#37; &#40;18 patients&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Data using median &#40;25 percentile&#8226;75 percentile&#41;&#46;</p>"
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            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0025"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025">Kruskal&#8226;Wallis&#46;</p>"
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            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0030"
              "etiqueta" => "c"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0030"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#967;</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> de Pearson&#46;</p>"
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          ]
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical parameters of the type 2 diabetic study patients classified according to the total years of T2DM known evolution at baseline using tertiles&#46;</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HR &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-Value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Years of T2DM evolution prior to intensive treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;108 &#40;1&#46;047&#8226;1&#46;173&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Baseline Isotopic GFR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;287 &#40;0&#46;893&#8226;5&#46;856&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;085&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Baseline UEA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;764 &#40;0&#46;893&#8226;5&#46;856&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Baseline SBP &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;017 &#40;1&#46;000&#8226;1&#46;034&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;044&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0035"
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0035">Relative risk was calculated using the following variables&#58; age&#44; years of T2DM at baseline&#44; systolic blood pressure&#44; diastolic blood pressure&#44; HbA1c&#44; serum triglycerides&#44; isotopic GFR superior or inferior to 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> and UAE superior or inferior to 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h &#40;the last two are considered categorical variables&#44; with the reference category defined as isotopic GFR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> and UAE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#41;&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0040">Independent factors included the years of T2DM prior to study entry&#44; baseline UAE below 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; baseline systolic blood pressure&#44; and baseline isotopic GFR above 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0045">RR&#58; hazard ratio&#59; CI&#58; confidence interval&#59; T2DM&#58; type 2 diabetes mellitus&#59; isotopic GFR&#58; isotopic glomerular filtration rate&#59; UAE&#58; urinary albumin excretion&#59; SBP&#58; systolic blood pressure&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relative risk of doubling creatinine and RRT in the type 2 diabetic study patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></p>"
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Article information
ISSN: 23870206
Original language: English
DOI:10.1016/j.medcle.2015.05.048
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