Editorial article
A long and stony road to the correct treatment of obesity
Un largo y pedregoso camino hacia el correcto tratamiento de la obesidad
a Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lérida, Spain
b Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Obesidad (SEEDO), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
c Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron de Barcelona, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
Read
5
Timeswas read the article
2
Total PDF
3
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:24 [ "pii" => "S238702062100379X" "issn" => "23870206" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcle.2021.06.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-08-27" "aid" => "5723" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U.. All rights reserved" "copyrightAnyo" => "2021" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Med Clin. 2021;157:176-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0025775321003262" "issn" => "00257753" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcli.2021.06.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-08-27" "aid" => "5723" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U." "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Med Clin. 2021;157:176-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>" "titulo" => "Un largo y pedregoso camino hacia el correcto tratamiento de la obesidad" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "176" "paginaFinal" => "177" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "A long and stony road to the correct treatment of obesity" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Albert Lecube, Andreea Ciudin" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Albert" "apellidos" => "Lecube" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Andreea" "apellidos" => "Ciudin" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S238702062100379X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcle.2021.06.003" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S238702062100379X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0025775321003262?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/00257753/0000015700000004/v1_202108080514/S0025775321003262/v1_202108080514/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2387020621003764" "issn" => "23870206" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcle.2021.02.005" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-08-27" "aid" => "5610" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U." "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "rev" "cita" => "Med Clin. 2021;157:178-84" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Review</span>" "titulo" => "Kidney and hypertension in older adults" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "178" "paginaFinal" => "184" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Riñón e hipertensión en el anciano" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1210 "Ancho" => 2333 "Tamanyo" => 236064 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mechanisms of kidney ageing. An integrated view.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Hanane Bouarich, Alina Chávez Guillén, Diego Rodríguez Puyol" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Hanane" "apellidos" => "Bouarich" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alina" "apellidos" => "Chávez Guillén" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Diego" "apellidos" => "Rodríguez Puyol" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0025775321001275" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcli.2021.02.008" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0025775321001275?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2387020621003764?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23870206/0000015700000004/v2_202201010719/S2387020621003764/v2_202201010719/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2387020621003806" "issn" => "23870206" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcle.2021.01.013" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-08-27" "aid" => "5598" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U." "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Med Clin. 2021;157:172-5" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Brief report</span>" "titulo" => "Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) in diagnosis of proximal deep vein thrombosis among COVID-19 hospitalized patients with a high rate of low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "172" "paginaFinal" => "175" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Ecografía en el punto de atención (POCUS) en el diagnóstico de trombosis venosa profunda en pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 en profilaxis con heparina de bajo peso molecular" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Pedro M. García-Ceberino, Naya Faro-Míguez, Francisco Javier Beltrán-Ávila, Daniel Fernández-Reyes, Inmaculada Gallardo-Muñoz, Emilio Guirao-Arrabal" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pedro M." "apellidos" => "García-Ceberino" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Naya" "apellidos" => "Faro-Míguez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco Javier" "apellidos" => "Beltrán-Ávila" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Daniel" "apellidos" => "Fernández-Reyes" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Inmaculada" "apellidos" => "Gallardo-Muñoz" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Emilio" "apellidos" => "Guirao-Arrabal" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0025775321000907" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcli.2021.01.012" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0025775321000907?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2387020621003806?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23870206/0000015700000004/v2_202201010719/S2387020621003806/v2_202201010719/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial article</span>" "titulo" => "A long and stony road to the correct treatment of obesity" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "176" "paginaFinal" => "177" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Albert Lecube, Andreea Ciudin" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Albert" "apellidos" => "Lecube" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "alecube@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Andreea" "apellidos" => "Ciudin" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lérida, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Obesidad (SEEDO), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron de Barcelona, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Un largo y pedregoso camino hacia el correcto tratamiento de la obesidad" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">“Don’t come back until you lose 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kilos”. Who among us does not know a patient to whom another professional has made this or a similar comment? Well yes, obesity is not only an extremely prevalent disease, but also a highly mistreated one. Mistreated by health professionals, who often despise it and run away from it; mistreated by society, which blames the sufferer without any subtlety; mistreated by fortune, which until recently has not provided it with minimally effective and safe drugs.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is true, obesity is not easy to treat. In fact, more than 95% of patients suffering from it only receive nutritional and physical activity advice, if they are lucky. Are they useful? Of course. Demonstrated in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">reality show</span> format in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">The biggest loser</span> and in randomised clinical trials such as Look AHEAD.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> Applicable to real life? Having a personal trainer, a nutritionist, the right environment and the ability to maintain all of this for the rest of our lives is hardly going to be possible. Because let us not forget, obesity is a chronic and relapsing disease. And what is worse, each time the patient loses weight, his/her basal metabolism is reduced.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> That is why we cannot hand out photocopied diets left, right and centre, insisting that patients start their umpteenth attempt to lose weight, if we are not going to be able to treat them properly. Our metabolic adaptability will make each attempt more difficult than the last. We seldom believe the patient, but he or she is often right. Therefore, let us refrain from prescribing a low-calorie diet if we will not be able to properly accompany the patient throughout his or her journey. If we continue to do so, it would be the same as telling a patient with bilateral lower limb oedema to drink less water and urinate more, without trying to find the cause and treat it properly.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although obesity is a cross-sectional disease, it is more prevalent in more socioeconomically disadvantaged classes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> To make matters worse, drug therapy to combat obesity has never been funded by our health system. Currently, in Europe, we have 3 alternatives: orlistat (Xenical®), the combination of naltrexone and extended-release bupropion (Mysimba®) and liraglutide 3.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg (Saxenda®): this means that the 3 have shown a difference compared to placebo of more than 5% of weight loss, or that at least 35% of the treated subjects have achieved a weight loss of more than 5% after one year of treatment, with twice as many responders as in the placebo group.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,6</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Orlistat, available since July 1998, is a pancreatic lipase inhibitor that achieves modest weight reductions after 12 months of treatment (95% credible interval [95% CrI] between −3.0 and −2.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg compared to placebo), at the expense of decreasing stool consistency and increasing the risk of fat-soluble vitamin malabsorption. The second option, which combines an opioid agonist and an atypical antidepressant, has been available since March 2015 and fights obesity in a dependence-like way by reducing the desire for food and the eating-derived rewarding sensation. After one year of treatment, it achieves losses between 5.9 and 3.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg (95% CrI), with the most common adverse reactions being nausea, constipation, headache, dry mouth, dizziness, and vomiting. The third, liraglutide 3.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg, also available in Europe since March 2015, is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that requires daily subcutaneous administration and is already experienced in clinical practice at lower doses (up to 1.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/day) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Weight losses after one year of treatment with 3.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg liraglutide are −5.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg (95% CrI, between −6, 06 and −4.52<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg), with 63% of patients losing<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5% of baseline weight.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,7</span></a> The main adverse reaction is nausea and vomiting in the first weeks of treatment.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">And that was the situation until March 2021 when the results of the randomised clinical trial with semaglutide were published, another GLP-1 receptor agonist, at a dose of 2, 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg weekly in patients with a body mass index ≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg/m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> or ≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg/m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> if at least one obesity-related comorbidity coexisted.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> After 68 weeks of treatment, the group assigned to semaglutide lost 14.9% of their baseline weight, compared to only 2.4% in the placebo group. Translated to kilograms: –15.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg with semaglutide and –2.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg with placebo. In addition, 50.5% of patients treated with semaglutide lost 15% or more of their baseline weight, and, at the cost of how many adverse reactions? Nausea and diarrhoea were the most common, of mild to moderate intensity in most cases, forcing discontinuation of treatment in only 4.5% of participants.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These results place us in a completely different scenario from the current one. The possibility that drugs with the capacity to modify the life course of obese patients will soon be available. Drugs that can achieve results similar to those of bariatric surgery. A type of surgery that only reaches 2% of all potential candidates, leaving many patients helpless, seeing their survival inevitably shortened and their quality of life greatly diminished due to obesity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> And now for the last question: Can we remain idle in the face of the possibility that this new drug treatment option will likewise not be financed by the National Health System? The signatories of this editorial, the patients we treat on a daily basis and the scientific society we represent refuse to accept this possibility, this inequity, this injustice.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> We call for solutions that favour the progressive introduction of a universal treatment for obesity, accepting that it could initially be limited to the most severe cases, and encouraging agreements between the health authority and the pharmaceutical industry. Let us dare, let us take the STEP (<a href="http://www.demoselpaso">www.demoselpaso</a>), and let us keep declaring war on obesity. A war which, of course, cannot forget preventive measures aimed at the whole spectrum of the population.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the last 5 years the authors have participated in advisory meetings and conferences promoted by Novo Nordisk Pharma. Albert Lecube has also received funding for research projects related to weight loss from <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs0005">Novo Nordisk</span> Pharma and <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs0010">AstraZeneca</span>.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Lecube A, Ciudin A. Un largo y pedregoso camino hacia el correcto tratamiento de la obesidad. Med Clin (Barc). 2021. <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0005" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2021.06.004">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2021.06.004</span></p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Losing weight on reality TV: a content analysis of the weight loss behaviors and practices portrayed on the biggest loser" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L.A. Klos" 1 => "C. Greenleaf" 2 => "N. Paly" 3 => "M.M. Kessler" 4 => "C.G. Shoemaker" 5 => "E.A. Suchla" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/10810730.2014.965371" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Health Commun" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "639" "paginaFinal" => "646" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25909247" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Fifty years of behavioral/lifestyle interventions for overweight and obesity: where have we been and where are we going?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "D.A. Williamson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Obesity (Silver Spring)" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "1867" "paginaFinal" => "1875" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Metabolic adaptation following massive weight loss is related to the degree of energy imbalance and changes in circulating leptin" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N.D. Knuth" 1 => "D.L. Johannsen" 2 => "R.A. Tamboli" 3 => "P.A. Marks-Shulman" 4 => "R. Huizenga" 5 => "K.Y. Chen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Obesity (Silver Spring)" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "2563" "paginaFinal" => "2569" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0165178118321899" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01651781" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "390" "paginaInicial" => "2627" "paginaFinal" => "2642" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29029897" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Current pharmacotherapy for obesity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "G. Srivastava" 1 => "C.M. Apovian" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/nrendo.2017.122" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nat Rev Endocrinol" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "12" "paginaFinal" => "24" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29027993" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Association of pharmacological treatments for obesity with weight loss and adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R. Khera" 1 => "M.H. Murad" 2 => "A.K. Chandar" 3 => "P.S. Dulai" 4 => "Z. Wang" 5 => "L.J. Prokop" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2016.7602" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "315" "paginaInicial" => "2424" "paginaFinal" => "2434" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27299618" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A randomized, controlled trial of 3.0 mg of liraglutide in weight management" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "X. Pi-Sunyer" 1 => "A. Astrup" 2 => "K. Fujioka" 3 => "F. Greenway" 4 => "A. Halpern" 5 => "M. Krempf" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa1411892" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "373" "paginaInicial" => "11" "paginaFinal" => "22" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26132939" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.P.H. Wilding" 1 => "R.L. Batterham" 2 => "S. Calanna" 3 => "M. Davies" 4 => "L.F. Van Gaal" 5 => "I. Lingvay" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa2032183" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2021" "volumen" => "384" "paginaInicial" => "989" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33567185" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0920996415300220" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "09209964" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Why the NHS should do more bariatric surgery; how much should we do?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "R. Welbourn" 1 => "C.W. le Roux" 2 => "A. Owen-Smith" 3 => "S. Wordsworth" 4 => "J.M. Blazeby" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/bmj.i1472" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMJ" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "353" "paginaInicial" => "i1472" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27169605" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of obesity. 2016 position statement of the Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Lecube" 1 => "S. Monereo" 2 => "M.Á Rubio" 3 => "P. Martínez-de-Icaya" 4 => "A. Martí" 5 => "J. Salvador" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.endonu.2016.07.002" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "64 Suppl 1" "paginaInicial" => "15" "paginaFinal" => "22" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27543006" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0890856709611801" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "08908567" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/23870206/0000015700000004/v2_202201010719/S238702062100379X/v2_202201010719/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "46797" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Editorial article" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23870206/0000015700000004/v2_202201010719/S238702062100379X/v2_202201010719/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S238702062100379X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 March | 3 | 2 | 5 |
