Eosinophilia in blood donors | Medicina Clínica Práctica

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The value of eosinophils that defines absolute eosinophilia is not well-defined. Some authors consider absolute eosinophilia when eosinophils are equal or more than 450×106eosinophils/L.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">2</a> The grade of eosinophilia is rarely helpful to identify the cause. Nevertheless, an extremely high count of eosinophils is predominantly associated with myeloproliferative disorders.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145">3,4</a> Eosinophilia may appear frequently in the clinical practice thereby and been associated with different causes and cohorts<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">5</a>: (i) allergic-immune diseases (e.g., asthma, eosinophilic oesophagitis and others, etc.),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160">6,7</a> (ii) drug reactions (e.g., drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms—DRESS-),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">8</a> (iii) connective tissue/rheumatologic diseases (e.g., eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, etc.),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">9</a> (iv) malignancies (most associated with haematological neoplasm, etc.),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145">3,4</a> (v) parasitic and other infections (important in migrant and travellers from undeveloped areas),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140">2,10–12</a> (vi) adrenal insufficiency,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">13</a> and (vii) others.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155">5,14</a>Despite the fact that eosinophilia is characterized by frequent and classic analytical data,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135">1,5</a> we have not found large epidemiological studies in healthy (asymptomatic) populations that establish the true prevalence of this entity in the general population, and the majority of studies have focused on a subgroup of diseases or cohorts with methodological problems too substantial to generalize results.The aim of the present study was to evaluate eosinophilia in a population of blood donors collected for one year.Material and methodsAn observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study was made. Blood donors at the Hemotherapy and Haemodonation Centre of Castilla-León from January 2016 to December 2016 were included. The medical records of the donors were evaluated according clinical protocols of Hemotherapy and Haemodonation Centre. Every patient with eosinophilia was remitted to general practitioner. The eosinophil count was performed using the Mindray BC-6800 an automated complete blood cell analyser. Relative eosinophilia was defined as an elevated eosinophil rate (>5%) in the absence of absolute eosinophilia (eosinophils <450×106eosinophils/L). Absolute eosinophilia was defined as >450×106eosinophils/L of blood. Mild eosinophilia was defined as >450×106eosinophils/L to 999×106eosinophils/L. Moderate eosinophilia was defined as >1000×106eosinophils/L to 2999×106eosinophils/L and severe eosinophilia was defined as >3000×106eosinophils/L.Statistical analysisCategorical variables were described using counts or frequencies (percentages). For analysis, such data are conveniently arranged in contingency tables that provide the frequencies for two or more categorical variables simultaneously (cross-tabulation of the counts). For the analysis of two-dimensional contingency tables, we used Pearson's χ2 test. It is the most commonly used test for the difference in distribution of categorical variables between two or more independent groups. Quantitative variables were expressed as means and standard deviation (±SD), range, median and interquartile range (IQR). To compare continuous variables, the Student's t-test or the Mann–Whitney U test were used. Student's t-test investigates whether the expected values for two groups are the same, assuming that the data are normally distributed. In contrast, Mann–Whitney U test does not require the data to be normally distributed. Our dependent variables were eosinophil count (continuous variable) and categorized eosinophilia (categorical variable). Contrast of hypothesis was done with a 5% alpha risk and 95% confidence intervals. The SPSS 23.0® (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis.Ethical statementThis study involved the use of medical data from donors at the Hemotherapy and Blood Donors Centre of Castilla y León. All the data have been anonymized and identified with a code. According to the signed confidentiality compromise, none of the researchers have given any data to another research group. All the procedures described here were made according to the Helsinki declaration reviewed in 2013. The data provided were collected in a permanent file secured in the Hemotherapy and Blood Donor Centre of Castilla y León (Paseo Filipinos S/N, Valladolid, CP 47007, Spain). The study protocol was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (Salamanca, Spain).ResultsA total of 63,941 blood donors were evaluated. A total of 61,501 donors were Spanish/autochthonous, and 2440 were non-Spanish/migrants. 8616 donors (13.5%) had eosinophilia. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the primary epidemiological and analytical data of patient with eosinophilia. 3839 (44.6%) had relative eosinophilia, 4590 (53.3%) had mild eosinophilia, 185 (2.1%) had moderate eosinophilia and 2 (0.02%) had severe eosinophilia. 8299 were autochthonous, 317 were migrants. 6401 (74.3%) were male, with mean of age (±SD) of 41.4 years (±12.6) and median was 43 years [P25=32; P75=51]. No differences were observed between autochthonous and migrant donors with respect to global eosinophilia (p=0.476), or to categorized eosinophilia (p=0.181) as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>. In both population groups, the majority were donors with mild eosinophilia (>450–999×106eosinophils/L), 53.2% in the native population and 56.8% in the migrant population.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Nevertheless, there are significant differences (p=0.005) when we analyzed the data eosinophilia among different immigrant groups classified according to their origin. So, we can see in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>, eosinophilia was higher among immigrants coming from Central and Eastern Europe (17.2%) vs West Europe (10.4%), followed by Latin America (14.8%), North Africa (13.4%), and Asia & Oceania (11.6%). Most migrants are classified into categories relative eosinophilia and mild eosinophilia. There were also significant differences (p=0.016) between these two categories of eosinophilia and the origin of migrant donors. So, relative eosinophilia is more prevalent among immigrants coming from Central and Eastern Europe (53.3% vs 45.7%), while mild eosinophilia is more prevalent among immigrants coming from West Europe (60.7% vs 39.3%), North-Africa (68.4% vs 31.6), and Latin America (59.7% vs 32.3%) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).The majority (296/317, 93.4%) of migrant blood donors had not taken any medication associated with eosinophilia in the last 3 months before the donation. The drugs that can produce eosinophilia are NSAIDs (9, 2.8%), ACE inhibitors (6, 1.9%), omeprazole (5, 1.6%) and doxycycline (1, 0.3%).In the eosinophilia group, none had asthma, atopic/allergic symptoms or clinical data suggesting infectious diseases, immunological diseases or cancer associated with eosinophilia.DiscussionThe relevance of eosinophilia has been established because it is associated with allergic and immunologic diseases, infectious disorders (most of them linked to parasitic diseases) and haematological diseases.There are many factors that influence the number of eosinophils; therefore blood eosinophil counts have been reported to vary within the same person at different times of the day and on different days, both in individuals with eosinophilic disorders and in healthy volunteers. Nevertheless, the results are inconsistent among studies, and the variability in counts is rarely large enough to impact care.Despite the fact that eosinophilia is a classical analytical datum, there are few studies that establish its prevalence in various pathologies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205">15–18</a> Therefore, the studies are not comparable. Possibly the cohort where many studies have been concentrated are migrants and travellers who come from tropical and subtropical areas endemic for parasitic infections, with an eosinophilic prevalence between 2.3% and 28.5%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140">2,10,11</a> Nevertheless, the majority of studies have been performed in tropical diseases and travel medicine units, which may represent a bias in these study designs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225">19–21</a> Therefore, in the absence of broad and solid epidemiological studies, it is usually suggested that in western countries, the most frequent causes are allergic diseases while in tropical regions they are parasitic infections.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">12</a>Our study showed similar eosinophilia figures (13.5% vs 13%) in the autochthonous cohort and the immigrant population. In our work, it should be noted that immigrants with a higher prevalence of eosinophilia were those from Central and Eastern Europe; in principle these results were not expected, due to the multitude of studies that reported high prevalence of eosinophilia imported from the sub-Saharan cohort, where prevalence can reach up to a third of cases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140">2,19,20,22</a> As explanations, we can argue that (i) eosinophilia has not been analyzed in the group of immigrants or travellers from Central and Eastern Europe<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185">11,23</a>; (ii) possibly the sub-Saharan cohort analyzed is the one established in Spain in a stable and prolonged manner. It is less striking that the Latin American cohort has the highest figures of moderate eosinophilia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250">24,25</a>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first and largest study to describe the situation of eosinophilia in the general and asymptomatic population; therefore, the results of our study show prevalence greater than 10% in asymptomatic and presumably healthy population, as is the group of donors. The scarce impact of drugs, allergies, and autoimmune and oncological diseases as possible causes of eosinophilia should be noted in this study, despite the fact that given the design of the study, we cannot rule out that some donors presented any of these entities in a sub-symptomatic manner.The main limitations and biases of this study are attributable to several factors: (i) there was a retrospective design; (ii) blood eosinophil count data can be influenced by several factors such as circadian fluctuations, and there was only one blood sample<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">26</a>; (iii) we were not able to access the medical history that could allow us to confirm the findings or identify the possible diseases involved; and (iv) the study patients are probably not a representative sample of general population in Spain. For these reasons, the results should be interpreted with caution before extrapolation to the entire population.In conclusion, we found a moderate prevalence of eosinophilia in asymptomatic donors that was not associated with being native-born or immigrant, but rather in the migrant group, there were differences according to the area of origin. A future prospective study must be done in order to clarify the causes of eosinophilia in donors.FundingThis work was supported by the Health Research Projects: Technological Development Project in Health [Grant number DTS16/00207] and Health Research Project [Grant number PI16/01784] of funding institution Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the Network Biomedical Research on Tropical Diseases (RICET in Spanish)RD12/0018/0001, supported by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) from the European Commission. Moreover, financial regional/local support came from Proyectos Integrados IBSAL [IBY15/00003; Salamanca, Spain] and CIETUS-University of Salamanca.Conflict of interestNone declared." 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ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of eosinophilia in blood donors. MethodologyDescriptive, cross-sectional study. Asymptomatic blood donors from the Haemotherapy and Blood Donation Centre of Castilla-León during January 2016 to December 2016 were included in the analysis. Principal findingsOf a total of 63,941 donors, 8616 (13.5%) presented with eosinophilia, 3839 (44.6%) had relative eosinophilia, 4590 (53.3%) had mild eosinophilia, 185 (2.1%) had moderate eosinophilia and 2 (.02%) had severe eosinophilia. Of the donors with eosinophilia, 6401 (74.3%) were men. The mean of age (±SD) of was 41.4 years (±12.6); 8299 (13.5) were autochthonous, and 317 (13.0) were migrants. There were no significant differences in the presence of eosinophilia between immigrants and natives (p=0.47). Eosinophilia in the migrant cohort showed significant differences (p<0.005). Eosinophilia was higher among immigrants from Central and Eastern Europe (17.2%), followed by Latin America (14.8%), and North Africa (13.4%). The majority of blood donors did not take any medication related to eosinophilia, and none had any disease associated with eosinophilia. ConclusionsEosinophilia is a frequent diagnosis in asymptomatic donors and it is not associated with being native-born or immigrant; however, in the migrant group there were differences according to the area of origin. The presence of eosinophilia was not associated with drugs or other obvious pathologies. A future prospective study must be performed in order to clarify the causes of eosinophilia in donors." "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methodology" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Principal findings" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "AntecedentesLa eosinofilia es una alteración analítica frecuente en la práctica clínica. En la población general su prevalencia no está bien definida. ObjetivoDeterminar la prevalencia de eosinofilia en donantes de sangre. Material y métodosEstudio descriptivo, transversal. Se incluyeron donantes de sangre del Centro de Hemoterapia y Hemodonación de Castilla y León desde enero a diciembre de 2016. ResultadosDe un total de 63.941 donantes, 8.616 (13,5%) presentaron eosinofilia; 3.839 (44,6%) tuvieron eosinofilia relativa, 4.590 (53,3%) tuvieron eosinofilia leve, 185 (2,1%) tuvieron eosinofilia moderada y 2 (0,02%) tuvieron eosinofilia grave. De los donantes con eosinofilia, 6.401 (74,3%) eran hombres. La media de edad (±DE) fue de 41,4 años (±12,6); 8.299 (13,5) eran autóctonas y 317 (13) eran migrantes. No hubo diferencias significativas respecto a la eosinofilia entre inmigrantes y nativos (p=0,47). Hay diferencias significativas en la eosinofilia entre los diferentes colectivos de inmigrantes (p<0,005). La eosinofilia fue mayor entre los inmigrantes de Europa Central y del Este (17,2%), seguida de lo originarios de América Latina (14,8%) y África del Norte (13,4%). La mayoría de los donantes de sangre no tomaron ningún medicamento relacionado con la eosinofilia, ni presentaban enfermedad asociada. ConclusionesLa eosinofilia es un diagnóstico frecuente en donantes, no se asocia con ser autóctono o inmigrante. Entre inmigrantes hay diferencias según el origen. La presencia de eosinofilia no se asocia ni con fármacos ni con otras patologías. Se debería realizar en un futuro estudios prospectivos para aclarar las causas de la eosinofilia en donantes." "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Antecedentes" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Demographic data, N (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">All patients, N (%)N=8616 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male sex \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6401 (74.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mean age±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41.4±12.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18–44 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4736 (55.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45–69 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3880 (45.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Origin, N (%)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Autochthonous \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8299 (96.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Latin America \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">124 (1.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">West Europe \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">92 (1.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Centre & East Europe \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">56 (0.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">North Africa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">38 (0.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Asia & Oceania \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (0.06) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sub-Saharan Africa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.01) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">North America \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.01) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Analytical data, N (%)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Relative eosinophilia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3839 (44.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mild eosinophilia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4590 (53.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Moderate eosinophilia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">185 (2.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Severe eosinophilia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.02) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2246558.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Main data of the blood donors with eosinophilia." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total donors \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total donors with eosinophilia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-value<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Donors with relative eosinophilia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Donors with mild eosinophilia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Donors with moderate eosinophilia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Donors with severe eosinophilia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-value<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Autochthonous \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">61,501 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8299 (13.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="middle">0.476</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3712 (44.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4411 (53.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">174 (2.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.02) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="middle">0.181</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Immigrants \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2440 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">317 (13.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">126 (39.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">180 (56.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (3.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="9" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="9" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Origin</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">West Europe \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">882 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">92 (10.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="7" align="char" valign="middle">0.005</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49 (53.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42 (45.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (1.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="7" align="char" valign="middle">0.016</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Centre & East Europe \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">326 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">56 (17.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22 (39.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">34 (60.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">North-Africa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">284 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">38 (13.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (31.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26 (68.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sub-Saharan Africa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (2.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (100.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">North America \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (4.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (100.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Latin America \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">840 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">124 (14.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40 (32.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">74 (59.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (8.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Asia & Oceania \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (11.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (60.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (40.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2246557.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "Statistical significance level of 5% (p<0.05)." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Data of the blood donors with eosinophilia by origin." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:26 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Eosinophilia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A. 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Eosinophilia in blood donors

Eosinofilia en donantes de sangre

Lía Monsalve Arteagaa, Moncef Belhassen-Garcíab,

Corresponding author

belhassen@usal.es

Corresponding author.

, Montserrat Alonso Sardónc, Sonia Pérez Gonzálezd, Ana Jiménez del Blancoe, Fernando Monsalve Gil-Fourniere, Lydia Blanco Perise, Antonio Murof

a Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales (e-INTRO), IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), CIETUS (Centro de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

b Servicio de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, e-INTRO, IBSAL, CIETUS, Salamanca, Spain

c Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, IBSAL, CIETUS, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

d Centro de Hemoterapia y Hemodonación de Castilla y León (CHEMCYL), Valladolid, Spain

e CHEMCYL, Valladolid, Spain

f Laboratorio de Inmunología Parasitaria y Molecular, e-INTRO, IBSAL, CIETUS, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Eosinophilia is an analytical datum that represents an amount in the value of eosinophilic cells in tissues and&#47;or in the blood&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Eosinophilia can result from such mechanisms as clonal expansion&#44; polyclonal expansion and tissue damage&#46; The value of eosinophils that defines absolute eosinophilia is not well-defined&#46; Some authors consider absolute eosinophilia when eosinophils are equal or more than 450<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>eosinophils&#47;L&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The grade of eosinophilia is rarely helpful to identify the cause&#46; Nevertheless&#44; an extremely high count of eosinophils is predominantly associated with myeloproliferative disorders&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> Eosinophilia may appear frequently in the clinical practice thereby and been associated with different causes and cohorts<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#58; &#40;i&#41; allergic-immune diseases &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; asthma&#44; eosinophilic oesophagitis and others&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> &#40;ii&#41; drug reactions &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms&#8212;DRESS-&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> &#40;iii&#41; connective tissue&#47;rheumatologic diseases &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> &#40;iv&#41; malignancies &#40;most associated with haematological neoplasm&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> &#40;v&#41; parasitic and other infections &#40;important in migrant and travellers from undeveloped areas&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;10&#8211;12</span></a> &#40;vi&#41; adrenal insufficiency&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> and &#40;vii&#41; others&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;14</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite the fact that eosinophilia is characterized by frequent and classic analytical data&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;5</span></a> we have not found large epidemiological studies in healthy &#40;asymptomatic&#41; populations that establish the true prevalence of this entity in the general population&#44; and the majority of studies have focused on a subgroup of diseases or cohorts with methodological problems too substantial to generalize results&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of the present study was to evaluate eosinophilia in a population of blood donors collected for one year&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Material and methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An observational&#44; cross-sectional and descriptive study was made&#46; Blood donors at the Hemotherapy and Haemodonation Centre of Castilla-Le&#243;n from January 2016 to December 2016 were included&#46; The medical records of the donors were evaluated according clinical protocols of Hemotherapy and Haemodonation Centre&#46; Every patient with eosinophilia was remitted to general practitioner&#46; The eosinophil count was performed using the Mindray BC-6800 an automated complete blood cell analyser&#46; Relative eosinophilia was defined as an elevated eosinophil rate &#40;&#62;5&#37;&#41; in the absence of absolute eosinophilia &#40;eosinophils &#60;450<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>eosinophils&#47;L&#41;&#46; Absolute eosinophilia was defined as &#62;450<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>eosinophils&#47;L of blood&#46; Mild eosinophilia was defined as &#62;450<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>eosinophils&#47;L to 999<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>eosinophils&#47;L&#46; Moderate eosinophilia was defined as &#62;1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>eosinophils&#47;L to 2999<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>eosinophils&#47;L and severe eosinophilia was defined as &#62;3000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>eosinophils&#47;L&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Categorical variables were described using counts or frequencies &#40;percentages&#41;&#46; For analysis&#44; such data are conveniently arranged in contingency tables that provide the frequencies for two or more categorical variables simultaneously &#40;cross-tabulation of the counts&#41;&#46; For the analysis of two-dimensional contingency tables&#44; we used Pearson&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#967;</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> test&#46; It is the most commonly used test for the difference in distribution of categorical variables between two or more independent groups&#46; Quantitative variables were expressed as means and standard deviation &#40;&#177;SD&#41;&#44; range&#44; median and interquartile range &#40;IQR&#41;&#46; To compare continuous variables&#44; the Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test or the Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test were used&#46; Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test investigates whether the expected values for two groups are the same&#44; assuming that the data are normally distributed&#46; In contrast&#44; Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test does not require the data to be normally distributed&#46; Our dependent variables were eosinophil count &#40;continuous variable&#41; and categorized eosinophilia &#40;categorical variable&#41;&#46; Contrast of hypothesis was done with a 5&#37; alpha risk and 95&#37; confidence intervals&#46; The SPSS 23&#46;0&#174; &#40;IBM Corp&#46;&#44; Armonk&#44; NY&#44; USA&#41; was used for statistical analysis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Ethical statement</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study involved the use of medical data from donors at the Hemotherapy and Blood Donors Centre of Castilla y Le&#243;n&#46; All the data have been anonymized and identified with a code&#46; According to the signed confidentiality compromise&#44; none of the researchers have given any data to another research group&#46; All the procedures described here were made according to the Helsinki declaration reviewed in 2013&#46; The data provided were collected in a permanent file secured in the Hemotherapy and Blood Donor Centre of Castilla y Le&#243;n &#40;Paseo Filipinos S&#47;N&#44; Valladolid&#44; CP 47007&#44; Spain&#41;&#46; The study protocol was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca &#40;Salamanca&#44; Spain&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Results</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 63&#44;941 blood donors were evaluated&#46; A total of 61&#44;501 donors were Spanish&#47;autochthonous&#44; and 2440 were non-Spanish&#47;migrants&#46; 8616 donors &#40;13&#46;5&#37;&#41; had eosinophilia&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the primary epidemiological and analytical data of patient with eosinophilia&#46; 3839 &#40;44&#46;6&#37;&#41; had relative eosinophilia&#44; 4590 &#40;53&#46;3&#37;&#41; had mild eosinophilia&#44; 185 &#40;2&#46;1&#37;&#41; had moderate eosinophilia and 2 &#40;0&#46;02&#37;&#41; had severe eosinophilia&#46; 8299 were autochthonous&#44; 317 were migrants&#46; 6401 &#40;74&#46;3&#37;&#41; were male&#44; with mean of age &#40;&#177;SD&#41; of 41&#46;4 years &#40;&#177;12&#46;6&#41; and median was 43 years &#91;P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">25</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>32&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">75</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>51&#93;&#46; No differences were observed between autochthonous and migrant donors with respect to global eosinophilia &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;476&#41;&#44; or to categorized eosinophilia &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;181&#41; as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#46; In both population groups&#44; the majority were donors with mild eosinophilia &#40;&#62;450&#8211;999<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>eosinophils&#47;L&#41;&#44; 53&#46;2&#37; in the native population and 56&#46;8&#37; in the migrant population&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nevertheless&#44; there are significant differences &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;005&#41; when we analyzed the data eosinophilia among different immigrant groups classified according to their origin&#46; So&#44; we can see in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#44; eosinophilia was higher among immigrants coming from Central and Eastern Europe &#40;17&#46;2&#37;&#41; vs West Europe &#40;10&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by Latin America &#40;14&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; North Africa &#40;13&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; and Asia &#38; Oceania &#40;11&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Most migrants are classified into categories relative eosinophilia and mild eosinophilia&#46; There were also significant differences &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;016&#41; between these two categories of eosinophilia and the origin of migrant donors&#46; So&#44; relative eosinophilia is more prevalent among immigrants coming from Central and Eastern Europe &#40;53&#46;3&#37; vs 45&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#44; while mild eosinophilia is more prevalent among immigrants coming from West Europe &#40;60&#46;7&#37; vs 39&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; North-Africa &#40;68&#46;4&#37; vs 31&#46;6&#41;&#44; and Latin America &#40;59&#46;7&#37; vs 32&#46;3&#37;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The majority &#40;296&#47;317&#44; 93&#46;4&#37;&#41; of migrant blood donors had not taken any medication associated with eosinophilia in the last 3 months before the donation&#46; The drugs that can produce eosinophilia are NSAIDs &#40;9&#44; 2&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; ACE inhibitors &#40;6&#44; 1&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; omeprazole &#40;5&#44; 1&#46;6&#37;&#41; and doxycycline &#40;1&#44; 0&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the eosinophilia group&#44; none had asthma&#44; atopic&#47;allergic symptoms or clinical data suggesting infectious diseases&#44; immunological diseases or cancer associated with eosinophilia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Discussion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The relevance of eosinophilia has been established because it is associated with allergic and immunologic diseases&#44; infectious disorders &#40;most of them linked to parasitic diseases&#41; and haematological diseases&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are many factors that influence the number of eosinophils&#59; therefore blood eosinophil counts have been reported to vary within the same person at different times of the day and on different days&#44; both in individuals with eosinophilic disorders and in healthy volunteers&#46; Nevertheless&#44; the results are inconsistent among studies&#44; and the variability in counts is rarely large enough to impact care&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite the fact that eosinophilia is a classical analytical datum&#44; there are few studies that establish its prevalence in various pathologies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#8211;18</span></a> Therefore&#44; the studies are not comparable&#46; Possibly the cohort where many studies have been concentrated are migrants and travellers who come from tropical and subtropical areas endemic for parasitic infections&#44; with an eosinophilic prevalence between 2&#46;3&#37; and 28&#46;5&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;10&#44;11</span></a> Nevertheless&#44; the majority of studies have been performed in tropical diseases and travel medicine units&#44; which may represent a bias in these study designs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#8211;21</span></a> Therefore&#44; in the absence of broad and solid epidemiological studies&#44; it is usually suggested that in western countries&#44; the most frequent causes are allergic diseases while in tropical regions they are parasitic infections&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study showed similar eosinophilia figures &#40;13&#46;5&#37; vs 13&#37;&#41; in the autochthonous cohort and the immigrant population&#46; In our work&#44; it should be noted that immigrants with a higher prevalence of eosinophilia were those from Central and Eastern Europe&#59; in principle these results were not expected&#44; due to the multitude of studies that reported high prevalence of eosinophilia imported from the sub-Saharan cohort&#44; where prevalence can reach up to a third of cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;19&#44;20&#44;22</span></a> As explanations&#44; we can argue that &#40;i&#41; eosinophilia has not been analyzed in the group of immigrants or travellers from Central and Eastern Europe<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;23</span></a>&#59; &#40;ii&#41; possibly the sub-Saharan cohort analyzed is the one established in Spain in a stable and prolonged manner&#46; It is less striking that the Latin American cohort has the highest figures of moderate eosinophilia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;25</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To the best of our knowledge&#44; this is the first and largest study to describe the situation of eosinophilia in the general and asymptomatic population&#59; therefore&#44; the results of our study show prevalence greater than 10&#37; in asymptomatic and presumably healthy population&#44; as is the group of donors&#46; The scarce impact of drugs&#44; allergies&#44; and autoimmune and oncological diseases as possible causes of eosinophilia should be noted in this study&#44; despite the fact that given the design of the study&#44; we cannot rule out that some donors presented any of these entities in a sub-symptomatic manner&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main limitations and biases of this study are attributable to several factors&#58; &#40;i&#41; there was a retrospective design&#59; &#40;ii&#41; blood eosinophil count data can be influenced by several factors such as circadian fluctuations&#44; and there was only one blood sample<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#59; &#40;iii&#41; we were not able to access the medical history that could allow us to confirm the findings or identify the possible diseases involved&#59; and &#40;iv&#41; the study patients are probably not a representative sample of general population in Spain&#46; For these reasons&#44; the results should be interpreted with caution before extrapolation to the entire population&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; we found a moderate prevalence of eosinophilia in asymptomatic donors that was not associated with being native-born or immigrant&#44; but rather in the migrant group&#44; there were differences according to the area of origin&#46; A future prospective study must be done in order to clarify the causes of eosinophilia in donors&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Funding</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This work was supported by the Health Research Projects&#58; Technological Development Project in Health &#91;Grant number <span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs1">DTS16&#47;00207</span>&#93; and Health Research Project &#91;Grant number <span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs1">PI16&#47;01784</span>&#93; of funding institution <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">Instituto de Salud Carlos III</span> and the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs2">Network Biomedical Research on Tropical Diseases &#40;RICET in Spanish&#41;</span><span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs2">RD12&#47;0018&#47;0001</span>&#44; supported by the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs3">European Regional Development Fund &#40;FEDER&#41; from the European Commission</span>&#46; Moreover&#44; financial regional&#47;local support came from <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs4">Proyectos Integrados IBSAL &#91;IBY15&#47;00003&#59; Salamanca&#44; Spain&#93;</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs5">CIETUS-University of Salamanca</span>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Although eosinophilia is a condition that appears frequently in clinical practice&#44; its prevalence in the general population in Spain is not well-defined&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objective</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the prevalence of eosinophilia in blood donors&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methodology</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Descriptive&#44; cross-sectional study&#46; Asymptomatic blood donors from the Haemotherapy and Blood Donation Centre of Castilla-Le&#243;n during January 2016 to December 2016 were included in the analysis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Principal findings</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Of a total of 63&#44;941 donors&#44; 8616 &#40;13&#46;5&#37;&#41; presented with eosinophilia&#44; 3839 &#40;44&#46;6&#37;&#41; had relative eosinophilia&#44; 4590 &#40;53&#46;3&#37;&#41; had mild eosinophilia&#44; 185 &#40;2&#46;1&#37;&#41; had moderate eosinophilia and 2 &#40;&#46;02&#37;&#41; had severe eosinophilia&#46; Of the donors with eosinophilia&#44; 6401 &#40;74&#46;3&#37;&#41; were men&#46; The mean of age &#40;&#177;SD&#41; of was 41&#46;4 years &#40;&#177;12&#46;6&#41;&#59; 8299 &#40;13&#46;5&#41; were autochthonous&#44; and 317 &#40;13&#46;0&#41; were migrants&#46; There were no significant differences in the presence of eosinophilia between immigrants and natives &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;47&#41;&#46; Eosinophilia in the migrant cohort showed significant differences &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;005&#41;&#46; Eosinophilia was higher among immigrants from Central and Eastern Europe &#40;17&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by Latin America &#40;14&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; and North Africa &#40;13&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46; The majority of blood donors did not take any medication related to eosinophilia&#44; and none had any disease associated with eosinophilia&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Eosinophilia is a frequent diagnosis in asymptomatic donors and it is not associated with being native-born or immigrant&#59; however&#44; in the migrant group there were differences according to the area of origin&#46; The presence of eosinophilia was not associated with drugs or other obvious pathologies&#46; A future prospective study must be performed in order to clarify the causes of eosinophilia in donors&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Antecedentes</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La eosinofilia es una alteraci&#243;n anal&#237;tica frecuente en la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica&#46; En la poblaci&#243;n general su prevalencia no est&#225; bien definida&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar la prevalencia de eosinofilia en donantes de sangre&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio descriptivo&#44; transversal&#46; Se incluyeron donantes de sangre del Centro de Hemoterapia y Hemodonaci&#243;n de Castilla y Le&#243;n desde enero a diciembre de 2016&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">De un total de 63&#46;941 donantes&#44; 8&#46;616 &#40;13&#44;5&#37;&#41; presentaron eosinofilia&#59; 3&#46;839 &#40;44&#44;6&#37;&#41; tuvieron eosinofilia relativa&#44; 4&#46;590 &#40;53&#44;3&#37;&#41; tuvieron eosinofilia leve&#44; 185 &#40;2&#44;1&#37;&#41; tuvieron eosinofilia moderada y 2 &#40;0&#44;02&#37;&#41; tuvieron eosinofilia grave&#46; De los donantes con eosinofilia&#44; 6&#46;401 &#40;74&#44;3&#37;&#41; eran hombres&#46; La media de edad &#40;&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DE&#41; fue de 41&#44;4 a&#241;os &#40;&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#44;6&#41;&#59; 8&#46;299 &#40;13&#44;5&#41; eran aut&#243;ctonas y 317 &#40;13&#41; eran migrantes&#46; No hubo diferencias significativas respecto a la eosinofilia entre inmigrantes y nativos &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;47&#41;&#46; Hay diferencias significativas en la eosinofilia entre los diferentes colectivos de inmigrantes &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;005&#41;&#46; La eosinofilia fue mayor entre los inmigrantes de Europa Central y del Este &#40;17&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; seguida de lo originarios de Am&#233;rica Latina &#40;14&#44;8&#37;&#41; y &#193;frica del Norte &#40;13&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46; La mayor&#237;a de los donantes de sangre no tomaron ning&#250;n medicamento relacionado con la eosinofilia&#44; ni presentaban enfermedad asociada&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La eosinofilia es un diagn&#243;stico frecuente en donantes&#44; no se asocia con ser aut&#243;ctono o inmigrante&#46; Entre inmigrantes hay diferencias seg&#250;n el origen&#46; La presencia de eosinofilia no se asocia ni con f&#225;rmacos ni con otras patolog&#237;as&#46; Se deber&#237;a realizar en un futuro estudios prospectivos para aclarar las causas de la eosinofilia en donantes&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Demographic data&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">All patients&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8616&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6401 &#40;74&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">41&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#8211;44 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4736 &#40;55&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>45&#8211;69 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3880 &#40;45&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Autochthonous&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8299 &#40;96&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Latin America&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">124 &#40;1&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>West Europe&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">92 &#40;1&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Centre &#38; East Europe&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56 &#40;0&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>North Africa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;0&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asia &#38; Oceania&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;0&#46;06&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sub-Saharan Africa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#46;01&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>North America&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#46;01&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Analytical data&#44; N &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Relative eosinophilia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3839 &#40;44&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mild eosinophilia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4590 &#40;53&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderate eosinophilia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">185 &#40;2&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Severe eosinophilia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;0&#46;02&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total donors&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total donors with eosinophilia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Donors with relative eosinophilia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Donors with mild eosinophilia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Donors with moderate eosinophilia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Donors with severe eosinophilia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Autochthonous</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&#44;501&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8299 &#40;13&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;476</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3712 &#40;44&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4411 &#40;53&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">174 &#40;2&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;0&#46;02&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;181</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Immigrants</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2440&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">317 &#40;13&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">126 &#40;39&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">180 &#40;56&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;3&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="9" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="9" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Origin</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>West Europe&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">882&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">92 &#40;10&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="7" align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;005</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;53&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;45&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="7" align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;016</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Centre &#38; East Europe&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">326&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                            3 => "M&#46; Belhassen Garc&#237;a"
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                            3 => "C&#46; Carranza"
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Article information

ISSN: 26039249
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.mcpsp.2019.09.003

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	8	2	10
2024 October	55	27	82
2024 September	35	19	54
2024 August	30	27	57
2024 July	29	13	42
2024 June	43	4	47
2024 May	38	7	45
2024 April	30	6	36
2024 March	17	7	24
2024 February	23	7	30
2024 January	29	7	36
2023 December	24	11	35
2023 November	20	8	28
2023 October	13	6	19
2023 September	13	2	15
2023 August	25	4	29
2023 July	8	6	14
2023 June	20	4	24
2023 May	53	5	58
2023 April	44	4	48
2023 March	38	15	53
2023 February	19	6	25
2023 January	30	0	30
2022 December	41	8	49
2022 November	17	8	25
2022 October	12	6	18
2022 September	23	6	29
2022 August	23	15	38
2022 July	14	5	19
2022 June	12	7	19
2022 May	11	10	21
2022 April	14	6	20
2022 March	22	14	36
2022 February	39	3	42
2022 January	56	8	64
2021 December	39	13	52
2021 November	26	8	34
2021 October	34	6	40
2021 September	18	5	23
2021 August	24	7	31
2021 July	11	6	17
2021 June	21	6	27
2021 May	22	10	32
2021 April	58	7	65
2021 March	24	17	41
2021 February	25	23	48
2021 January	32	43	75
2020 December	20	31	51
2020 November	16	46	62
2020 October	13	18	31
2020 September	21	37	58
2020 August	11	20	31
2020 July	14	26	40
2020 June	9	21	30
2020 May	12	32	44
2020 April	13	19	32
2020 March	16	19	35
2020 February	8	12	20
2020 January	0	4	4

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