Letter to the Editor
COVID-19 related strokes: Pandora's Box may open as the p(c)lot thickens!
Ictus y COVID-19: una nueva caja de Pandora
R. Magoon
Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (ABVIMS) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
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"tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "Dear Editor," "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "562" "paginaFinal" => "563" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "R. Magoon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Magoon" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "rohanmagoon21@gmail.com" ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (ABVIMS) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi 110001, India" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Ictus y COVID-19: una nueva caja de Pandora" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As I read through the interesting literature focusing on COVID-19 related strokes, featured recently in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Journal</span>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> my inquisitiveness regarding the involved mechanisms of neuro-invasion escalates. Moreover, as the COVID-related ‘clot’ thickens (a result of the pro-inflammatory hypercoagulable mileu), almost in close conjunction does the ‘plot’ thicken interrogating whether the direct consequences of disseminated intravascular coagulation can alone explain the intriguing findings of most COVID-associated strokes being ischemic in nature with many researchers also suggesting these cerebrovascular events to be unrelated to age and associated with few vascular risk factors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–5</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this context, while the thrombo-embolic sequel of COVID-19 is being ardently discussed,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–4</span></a> paradoxical embolization into the cerebral circulation through an undetected probe patent foramen ovale (PPFO) (reported to be as common as 20–25% in the general population), can very well be an important contributing factor.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The premise for the same emanates from the comprehension of the fact that an ongoing inflammatory process leads to pulmonary arterial hypertension (aggravated by hypoxia, positive pressure ventilation and stiff-lung syndrome associated with COVID-19) culminating as accentuated right atrium (RA) pressures augmenting paradoxical embolization from the RA to left atrium (LA) through the PPFO (precluded in healthy subjects owing to the positive physiological LA-RA pressure gradient).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7,8</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aforementioned constitutes a cardiac anaesthesiologists’ perspective on opening yet another Pandora's Box (referring to a PPFO in this case) concerning the mechanisms leading to stroke in COVID-19 (which in itself has evolved to be nothing less than a natures’ misadventurous stroke) highlighting the significance of a routine echocardiographic surveillance in this predisposed critically ill cohort.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Authors’ contribution</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">RM conceptualized and wrote the entire manuscript.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We do not have any conflict of interest, any commercial or financial interest in this material & agree to abide by the rules of your journal regarding publication of this article.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Authors’ contribution" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ischaemic stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a causal or incidental association?" 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