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Inicio Neurología (English Edition) Diagnosis of delayed cerebral ischaemia and cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid h...
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Vol. 25. Issue 5.
Pages 322-330 (January 2010)
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Vol. 25. Issue 5.
Pages 322-330 (January 2010)
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Diagnosis of delayed cerebral ischaemia and cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid haemorrhage
Diagnóstico de la isquemia cerebral tardía y el vasospasmo cerebral en la hemorragia subaracnoidea
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P.L. Rodríguez García
Corresponding author
lrpupo@cucalambe.ltu.sld.cu

Corresponding author.
, L.R. Rodríguez Pupo, D. Rodríguez García
Hospital General Docente Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna, Las Tunas, Cuba
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Article information
Abstract
Objective

A review of current foundations for the medical diagnosis of vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischaemia due to spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Development

A review of available tests for the investigation of vasospasm (transcranial Doppler, angiographic methods) and delayed cerebral ischaemia (clinical exam, computerised tomography by X rays, magnetic resonance, emission computerised tomography, electroencephalography, microdialysis) based on type and quality of information, advantages and limitations. Grading and trends for application were also considered for differential diagnosis.

Conclusions

In current clinical practice the most advisable guideline for screening and diagnosis monitoring of vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischaemia is, in the first place, based on clinical examination and transcranial Doppler. Electroencephalographic monitoring, computerised tomography techniques and multi-modal magnetic resonance are justified in specific situations. Digital subtraction angiography is the current gold standard for diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm. There is a need for more and higher quality articles about the utility of diagnostic tests in this context.

Keywords:
Cerebral arteriography
Transcranial Doppler
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Acute stroke
Cerebral ischemia
Cerebral vasospasm
Resumen
Objetivo

Revisar los fundamentos actuales para el diagnóstico, en la práctica médica, del vasospasmo y la isquemia cerebral tardía por hemorragia subaracnoidea espontánea.

Desarrollo

Se revisan las pruebas disponibles para investigar el vasospasmo (Doppler transcraneal, métodos angiográficos) y la isquemia cerebral tardía (examen clínico, tomografía computarizada convencional, resonancia magnética, tomografía computarizada de emisión, electroencefalografía, microdiálisis) en cuanto al tipo y calidad de la información que brindan, además de sus ventajas y limitaciones. Se aborda el diagnóstico diferencial, graduación y pautas de aplicación.

Conclusiones

En la práctica clínica actual la pauta más recomendable para el diagnóstico y la monitorización del vasospasmo y la isquemia cerebral tardía consiste, en primer lugar, en el examen clínico y por Doppler transcraneal. La monitorización electroencefalográfica, las técnicas de tomografía computarizada y resonancia magnética multimodal son apropiadas en situaciones específicas. La angiografía por sustracción digital es el estándar para el diagnóstico del vasospasmo cerebral. Se insiste en la necesidad de mejorar la calidad de los futuros artículos sobre la utilidad de las pruebas diagnósticas señaladas.

Palabras clave:
Arteriografía cerebral
Doppler transcraneal
Hemorragia subaracnoidea
Ictus agudo
Isquemia cerebral
Vasospasmo cerebral
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Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Española de Neurología
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