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Vol. 25. Issue 6.
Pages 343-348 (January 2010)
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Vol. 25. Issue 6.
Pages 343-348 (January 2010)
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Hypercoagulability and ischemic stroke in young patients
Estados de hipercoagulabilidad e ictus isquémico en pacientes jóvenes
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M. Martínez-Martínez, R. Cazorla-García, L.A. Rodríguez de Antonio, P. Martínez-Sánchez, B. Fuentes, E. Diez-Tejedor
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hplapazneuro@meditex.es

Corresponding author.
Servicio de Neurología, Centro de Ictus, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Renevas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Hypercoagulable states have been reported as an established risk factor for cerebral venous thrombosis, but they have also been proposed as a predisposing factor for cerebral ischemia of arterial origin, especially among young patients. This may have implications on therapeutic management and secondary prevention. We have studied the frequency of prothrombotic abnormalities in young patients with ischaemic stroke, as other classic risk factors are less common in this group.

Materials and methods

Observational study with sequential inclusion of patients under 55 with stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) admitted to the Stroke Unit from January 2005 through December 2007. We analysed demographic data, severity and subtype of stroke, risk factors, including the presence of hypercoagulable states, and outcome.

Results

We included 100 patients, of whom 65 were men. The mean age was 42.6±8.9 years, 46% with a hypercoagulable state, and no sex differences. Acquired hyperhomocysteinemia was the most common abnormality (18%), followed by protein C or S deficiency (8%), factor V Leiden mutation (5%) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T mutation (5%). Other findings included anticardiolipin antibodies (3%), presence of lupus anticoagulant (2%), thrombocytosis (3%) and G20210A prothrombin gene mutation (3%). No association was found between these states and the presence of other vascular risk factors, or more severe stroke or worse outcomes. There was an increased presence of these abnormalities in patients who were classified as atherothrombotic stroke (p=0.04).

Conclusions

The hypercoagulable states are common in young patients with ischaemic stroke, being present in up to 46% of them.

Keywords:
Hypercoagulability
Stroke
Cryptogenic stroke
Resumen
Introducción

Los estados de hipercoagulabilidad se han estudiado como una de las posibles etiologías de la trombosis venosa cerebral y, desde hace unos años, también como factor predisponente de isquemia cerebral de origen arterial, especialmente en pacientes jóvenes. Esto podría tener implicaciones en el manejo terapéutico y la prevención secundaria, por lo que nos proponemos estudiar la frecuencia de anomalías protrombóticas en pacientes jóvenes con ictus isquémico, subgrupo en que otros factores de riesgo clásicos son menos habituales.

Material y métodos

Estudio observacional con inclusión secuencial de los pacientes menores de 55 años con infarto cerebral o ataque isquémico transitorio ingresados en la unidad de ictus desde enero de 2005 hasta diciembre de 2007. Se analizaron datos demográficos, gravedad y subtipo de ictus, factores de riesgo, incluidos los estados de hipercoagulabilidad, y evolución.

Resultados

Se incluyó a 100 pacientes, de los que 65 eran varones, con una media ± desviación estándar de edad de 42,6 ± 8,9 años. El 46% presentó estado de hipercoagulabilidad, sin diferencia por sexo. La hiperhomocisteinemia adquirida fue la alteración más frecuente (18%), seguida del déficit de proteína C o S (8%), la mutación para el factor V de Leiden (5%) y la mutación C677T del gen de la metiltetrahidrofolato reductasa (MTHFR) (5%). Otras alteraciones procoagulantes fueron síndrome antifosfolípido (3%), anticoagulante lúpico (2%), trombocitosis (3%) y mutación 20210A del gen de la protrombina (3%). No se encontró relación de estas alteraciones con otros factores de riesgo vascular, como tampoco se relacionó la hipercoagulabilidad con el ictus de mayor gravedad o peor evolución. Se observó una mayor presencia de estas alteraciones en los pacientes catalogados de ictus de origen aterotrombótico (p = 0,04).

Conclusiones

Los estados de hipercoagulabilidad son frecuentes en los pacientes menores de 55 años con ictus isquémico, encontrándose hasta en el 46% de ellos.

Palabras clave:
Hipercoagulabilidad
Infarto cerebral
Infarto cerebral criptogénico
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Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Española de Neurología
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