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Inicio Neurología (English Edition) New mutation in the PSEN1 (E120G) gene associated with early onset Alzheimer's d...
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Vol. 25. Issue 1.
Pages 13-16 (January - February 2010)
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Vol. 25. Issue 1.
Pages 13-16 (January - February 2010)
Original Article
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New mutation in the PSEN1 (E120G) gene associated with early onset Alzheimer's disease
Nueva mutación en el gen PSEN1 (E120G) asociada a enfermedad de Alzheimer de inicio precoz
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A. Lladóa,
Corresponding author
allado@clinic.ub.es

Author for correspondence.
, R. Sánchez-Vallea, M.J. Reyb, P. Mercadalc, C. Almenard, D. López-Villegase, J. Forteaa, J.L. Molinuevoa
a Unitat d’Alzheimer i altres trastorns cognitius, Servei de Neurologia, ICN, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
b Banc de Teixits Neurològics, Universitat de Barcelona/Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
c Geriatria, Programa de Trastorns Cognitius, Centres Assistencials Emili Mira i López, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain
d Àrea de Psicogeriatria, Hospital Benito Menni, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
e Neurologia, Unitat de Trastorns Cognitius i de la Conducta, Centres Assistencials Emili Mira i López, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Objective

To describe a novel mutation in exon 5 of the presenilin 1 gene (E120G) associated with early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Patient and methods

The proband was a man who began with memory loss and progressive cognitive decline at the age of 34. His father and his sister suffered from early-onset cognitive decline. The genetic study performed on the blood sample using the single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique did not detect any abnormality suggestive of the presence of a mutation in PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP. In the last stage of the disease the patient had seizures and gait alteration. He died at the age of 44. Coding exons 3–12 of PSEN1 were studied by direct sequencing using isolated DNA from frozen brain tissue of the proband.

Results

The neuropathological examination showed the presence of frequent amyloid plaques and neurofi brillary tangles and severe amyloid angiopathy. The direct sequencing of the PSEN1 gene disclosed the presence of the E120G mutation.

Conclusions

E120G is a novel mutation in PSEN1 that probably causes early-onset autosomal dominant AD. Absence of genetic alterations in screening techniques (SSCP) does not rule out the presence of mutations. We recommend direct sequencing for the genetic study of patients with early-onset autosomal dominant AD.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's disease
Presenilin 1
Early onset dementia
Mutation
Familial dementia
Resumen
Objetivo

Describir una nueva mutación en el exón 5 del gen PSEN1 (E120G) asociada a enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) de inicio precoz y patrón de herencia autosómico dominante.

Paciente y métodos

El probando era un varón en el que se inició la enfermedad a los 34 años con problemas de memoria y deterioro cognitivo progresivo. Su padre y una hermana presentaron deterioro cognitivo de inicio precoz. El estudio genético por single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) de una muestra sanguínea del probando no detectó anormalidades que indicaran mutaciones en PSEN1, PSEN2 y APP. En los estadios finales de la enfermedad, el paciente presentó crisis epilépticas y alteración de la marcha. El paciente falleció a los 44 años. Los exones 3–12 del gen PSEN1 fueron analizados por secuenciación directa utilizando ADN aislado del tejido cerebral congelado del probando.

Resultados

El examen neuropatológico reveló abundantes placas seniles y ovillos neurofibrilares, junto con una angiopatía amiloidea severa. El nuevo estudio genético del gen PSEN1 realizado mediante secuenciación directa detectó la mutación E120G.

Conclusiones

E120G es una nueva mutación en PSEN1, probable causa de EA de inicio precoz con patrón autosómico dominante. La ausencia de mutaciones en estudios genéticos de cribado (SSCP) no descarta que haya mutaciones. Se recomienda el estudio genético mediante secuenciación directa en los casos de EA de inicio precoz y patrón de herencia autosómico dominante.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de Alzheimer
Presenilina 1
Demencia de inicio precoz
Mutación
Demencia familiar
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Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Española de Neurología
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