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Vol. 46. Issue 2.
Pages 71-76 (January 2013)
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Vol. 46. Issue 2.
Pages 71-76 (January 2013)
REFLEXIONES
Open Access
Relevancia del desayuno en la niñez
Relevance of breakfast in childhood
Visits
2090
Adela Herrera1, Javier Criales2,
Corresponding author
salasanroque@gmail.com

Responsable de correspondencia: Javier Criales, Calle 5 N° 22–76, Cali, Colombia. Teléfono: (572) 554–1902
1 Nutricionista dietista, MSP; docente, Departamento de Pediatría, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle; Grupo de Nutrición, Gastronup, Hospital Universitario del Valle; Grupo Ilama, Universidad Libre, Cali, Colombia
2 Médico pediatra; profesor asociado, Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Programa de Medicina, Universidad Libre, Seccional Cali; pediatra, Sala San Roque, Fundacion Clinica Infantil Club Noel; pediatra, Sala de Urgencias de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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RESUMEN

El desayuno y su importancia han sido poco tratados en el área de la nutrición y, aun en menor proporción, en pediatria y en otras áreas de la salud. Existe un gran número de investigaciones sobre el desayuno; en los primeros estudios llevados a cabo entre 1973 y 1988 sobre los patrones de desayuno y la contribución de macronutrientes a la dieta diaria, se encontró que un gran porcentaje de la población estudiada no recibia desayuno. Existen publicaciones que informan sobre una serie de ventajas de desayunar y de desventajas de no hacerlo, que conducen a afirmar que el consumo de la primera comida del dia se puede considerar como una necesidad fisiológica y un hábito saludable.

Aunque existen soportes cientificos adecuados que resaltan el desayuno como la comida más importante del dia, es la que más se omite, sobre todo cuando el niño empieza a asistir a la educación temprana. Un desayuno equilibrado evita la falta de energia a lo largo de la mañana, mejora los hábitos alimentarios y la calidad de la dieta total, facilita la absorción de nutrientes, ayuda a restablecer las funciones del aparato digestivo, acelera el metabolismo y promueve un momento de reunión familiar. Además, los ninos que reciben desayuno tienen un mejor estado nutricional y mayor productividad en la escuela. Los niños que desayunan pueden hacer ejercicio más tiempo en una clase de actividad fisica y presentar mejor fluidez verbal; además, presentan menor colesterol sérico y mejores indices bioquimicos de concentraciones séricas de vitaminas B1 y B2.

El incorporar el desayuno como práctica saludable es una de las intervenciones con mejores resultados, no sólo en el desempeno académico de los escolares, sino en la salud pública general a largo plazo.

Palabras clave (DeCS):
Desayuno
Calorias
Obesidad
Ventajas
Omisión
ABSTRACT

Breakfast and its significance have been poorly treated in the field of nutrition, and even less so in pediatrics and other healthcare professions. There is abundance of research on breakfast, and early studies between 1973 and 1988 on breakfast patterns and their contribution of macronutrients to the diet found that a high proportion of the population studied did not receive breakfast. There are publications that suggest a number of advantages over eating breakfast, as well as disadvantages when this meal is omitted. Eating the first meal of the day decreases the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and is considered a physiological need and a healthy habit.

Although there are adequate scientific support showing that breakfast is the main meal of the day, it is also the most commonly omitted, especially when the child begins to attend early education. A balanced breakfast averts lack of energy throughout the morning, improves eating habits and overall diet quality, facilitates the absorption of nutrients, helps to restore the functions of the digestive system, increases metabolism and promotes a moment of family gathering. In addition, children who receive breakfast have better nutritional status and productivity at school. Children who eat breakfast can exercise longer, have better verbal fluency, lower serum cholesterol levels and improved biochemical indices of serum vitamins B1 and B2.

Daily breakfast is an intervention with positive results, not only in the students' academic performance, but overall as a long-term public health measure.

Key words (MeSH):
Breakfast
Calories
Obesity
Advantages
Omission
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Copyright © 2013. Sociedad Colombiana de Pediatría
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