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Resumen
La osteoporosis posmenopáusica es un problema de salud pública mundial, y su principal causa es la deficiencia estrogénica. El metabolismo óseo presenta dos actividades opuestas: la formación de hueso nuevo por el osteoblasto y la degradación o resorción de hueso viejo por el osteoclasto. Dado que estas actividades cursan con el vertido a la circulación de una serie de productos, los denominados marcadores bioquímicos de remodelado óseo, nosotros podemos estimar la tasa de ambos procesos determinando los valores séricos o urinarios de estos productos en el laboratorio. Estos marcadores son una poderosa herramienta para el ginecólogo, ya que su determinación es fácil de realizar, es barata, puede ser repetida a menudo y refleja el metabolismo óseo en un momento dado. En los últimos años se han desarrollado marcadores más específicos como los telopéptidos del colágeno tipo I (CTx y NTx), y se están introduciendo métodos automatizados para su determinación que disminuyen la variabilidad intra e interensayo, aunque existen diversas fuentes de variabilidad que deben tenerse en cuenta a la hora de evaluar su uso
Palabras clave:
Marcadores bioquímicos de remodelado óseo
Colágeno
Variabilidad
Ensayos
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a world-wide public health problem. Its main cause is estrogen deficiency. Bone metabolism displays two contrasting activities: the formation of new bone by osteoblasts and degradation or resorption of old bone by osteoclasts. Since both processes generate products that enter the blood circulation, called biochemical markers of bone turnover, the rate of both processes can be evaluated by assaying the serum or urinary levels of these products in the laboratory. These markers are a powerful tool for the gynecologist since their determination is easy and inexpensive, can be frequently repeated, and reflects bone metabolism at a given moment. In the last few years, more specific markers have been developed, such as telopeptides of type I collagen (CTx and NTx). Automated methods for their determination are being introduced that diminish intra- and inter-assay variability, although several sources of variability still exist that must be considered before evaluating their use
Keywords:
Biochemical markers of bone remodeling
Collagen
Variability
Assays
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