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Inicio Psiquiatría Biológica Intersección de síntomas en el trastorno del espectro autista y trastornos psi...
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Vol. 31. Issue 1.
(January - March 2024)
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Vol. 31. Issue 1.
(January - March 2024)
Caso clínico
Intersección de síntomas en el trastorno del espectro autista y trastornos psicóticos: a propósito de un caso
Intersection of symptoms in autism spectrum disorder and psychotic disorders: A case report
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Sara Cabezas-Gutiérrez
Corresponding author
scabezas@riojasalud.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Pablo Vázquez-Herrera, Batirtze Goitia-Aritxa
Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja, España
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El rastorno de espectro autista es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo con una prevalencia que llega al 1% de la población. Es frecuente que los síntomas principales de este trastorno, tales como el deterioro de las interacciones sociales, los intereses restringidos o atípicos y las deficiencias cognitivas y de la comunicación verbal, puedan confundirse con la sintomatología de la esfera psicótica propia de la esquizofrenia. Una adecuada evaluación es necesaria, dado que ambas entidades pueden coexistir con una prevalencia variable del 12 al 50%. Presentamos el caso clínico de una mujer que a los 20 años inicia seguimiento en la unidad de salud mental por sintomatología compatible con un trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo junto a una clínica caracterizada por apatía, anhedonia, abandono del autocuidado y progresivo deterioro funcional. Tras varias sesiones de evaluación, llegamos al diagnóstico de un trastorno del espectro autista. Realizamos una revisión bibliográfica en la que concluimos que la intersección de síntomas entre el autismo y la esquizofrenia es común y se aportan recomendaciones clínicas para diferenciar ambas entidades clínicas.

Palabras clave:
Trastorno de espectro autista
Trastorno psicótico
Caso clínico
Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a current global prevalence of approximately 1%. It is common that the main symptoms of this disorder, such as deterioration in social interactions, restricted or atypical interests, and cognitive and verbal communication deficiencies, can be confused with symptoms of the psychotic sphere typical of schizophrenia. An adequate evaluation is necessary due that both entities can coexist with a variable prevalence of 12 to 50%. Moreover, both disorders can coexist with a variable prevalence of 12 to 50%. We present the clinical case of a woman who, at the age of 20, began follow-up in the mental health unit due to symptoms compatible with an obsessive-compulsive disorder along with a clinic characterized by apathy, anhedonia, abandonment of self-care and progressive functional deterioration. After several evaluation sessions, we diagnosed an autism spectrum disorder. We carry out a bibliographic review with which we conclude that the intersection of symptoms between autism and schizophrenia is common and clinical recommendations are provided to differentiate both clinical entities.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorder
Schizophrenia spectrum disorder
Case report

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