Social Cognitive Maps. Un método para identificar los grupos sociales en contextos naturales

Article information

Resumen

En este artículo se describe el Composite Social Cognitive Maps (SCM), un método para identificar grupos de personas en contextos naturales. Se presenta el método, fundamentos, procedimiento de entrevista, utilización del software SCM 4.0 y análisis de la información que éste proporciona. Este software, a pesar de contar con una amplia tradición, es bastante desconocido en contextos de habla española. El método se puede aplicar en diversos ámbitos, pero en el presente trabajo se particulariza al contexto escolar, al aula y a los grupos de alumnos que hay en el aula. EL SCM proporciona información sobre: a) la identidad de los individuos que forman parte de un grupo de iguales y las personas con las que cada individuo está más estrechamente relacionado, b) el número de grupos y la centralidad de cada grupo dentro de la red social (aula) y c) la centralidad de cada individuo dentro del aula. Por último se comentan los resultados obtenidos en estudios que han utilizado este método y se proporciona información sobre su validez, fiabilidad y generalización.

Palabras clave:

Aceptación

Amistad

Centralidad

Grupo de iguales

Red social

Abstract

This article describes the composite Social-Cognitive Map (SCM), a user-friendly method to identify groups of persons in natural settings. The method is introduced, with its foundations, the interview procedure, the use of SCM software 4.0, and the analysis of the information it yields. Despite having a large tradition, this software is quite unknown in Spanish speaking contexts. This method can be applied in various fields, but in this study we focus on the school context, the classroom and the student groups in the classroom. The SCM provides information on: a) the identity of individuals who are members of a peer group and the people with whom each individual is more closely affiliated; b) the number of peer groups and the centrality of each group within the social network (class); and c) the centrality of each individual in the classroom. Finally, the results obtained in studies which applied this method are commented, and information about its validity, reliability and generalization is provided.

Keywords:

Centrality

Friendship

Peer groups

Social acceptance

Social network

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