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Vol. 45. Issue 6.
Pages 265-269 (January 2003)
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Vol. 45. Issue 6.
Pages 265-269 (January 2003)
Hidronefrosis leve en neonatos y lactantes: ¿puede predecirse la presencia de reflujo vesicoureteral?*
Slight hydronephrosis in newborns and breast-fed infants: can the presence of vesicoureteral reflux be predicted?
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Teresa Berrocala,
Corresponding author
tberrocal.hulp@sa-lud.madrid.org

Correspondencia:TERESA BERROCAL FRUTOS. Radiología pediátrica. Hospital La Paz. Pa-seo de la Castellana, 261. 28046 Madrid. España.
, Luis de Pabloa, Julia Gutiérreza, Consuelo Prietoa, María Luisa del Hoyoa
a Sección de Radiología Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid. España.
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Objetivo

El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el valor de la hidronefrosis leve o moderada, detectada mediante ecografía, en recién nacidos y lactantes como indicador de reflujo vesicoureteral (RVU) y evaluar la necesidad de realizar cistouretrografía miccional (CUMS) en estos pacientes.

Material y métodos

Se revisaron las CUMS de 237 pacientes (174 niños y 63 niñas, con edades comprendidas entre 0 y 18 meses) con hi-dronefrosis leve detectada por ecografía, para valorar la presencia de RVU primario. Los pacientes con reflujo secundario o los que presen-taban anomalías que imposibilitaban la graduación exacta del reflujo se excluyeron; sin embargo, cuando se observó reflujo en un riñón normal, contralateral al riñón con hidronefrosis, se incluyó en el estudio. Para el análisis estadístico de los datos, cada riñón se consideró por se-parado, sumando un total de 474 riñones. Se diagnosticó hidronefrosis leve cuando se observó un diámetro anteroposterior de la pelvis renal de 0,5-1,5 cm. Para la graduación del reflujo en la CUMS se utilizó el sistema internacional.

Resultados

De las 474 unidades renales evaluadas, 306 mostraron hidronefrosis leve en la ecografía. Sólo 98 de éstas (32%) presentaron reflujo (14 grado I, 50 grado II, 32 grado III y 2 grado IV). La ecogra-fía fue normal (no mostró hidronefrosis) en 52 unidades renales con reflujo (31%), contralaterales al riñón hidronefrótico, a pesar de que 38 de estas unidades tenían reflujo grado II o superior. La ecografía mos-tró hidronefrosis leve en 208 riñones que no tenían reflujo en la CUMS (68%).

Conclusiones

No hubo diferencias significativas en la incidencia de RVU entre los riñones con o sin hidronefrosis. La hidronefrosis leve se correlaciona escasamente con la presencia y el grado de reflujo en neonatos y lactantes y, por tanto, no debe considerarse una indicación para realizar CUMS.

Palabras clave::
Reflujo
vesicoureteral
Ecografía
Cistouretrografía miccional
Neonatos
Lactantes
Aim

The purpose of this study was to determine the value of slight-to moderate echographically detected hydronephrosis in newborns and breast-fed infants that might serve as indicator for vesicou-reteral reflux (VUR), and to evaluate the necessity of performing mic-turating cystourethrography (MCUG) in these patients.

Materials and methods

There were revewed MCUG of 237 patients (174 boys and 63 girls between the ages of 0 and 18 months) with slight echographically detected hydronephrosis in order to evaluate the presence of primary VUR. Patients with secondary reflux or those that presented anomalies which made impossible an exact reflux grading were excluded. However, normal kidneys with reflux which were contralateral to hydronephrotic kidneys were included in the study. For a statistical analysis of the data, each kidney was considered separately, thereby forming a total of 474 kidneys. Slight hydronephro-sis was diagnosed when the renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter was observed to measure between 0.5 and 1.5 cm. The International Grading System was used to grade reflux during MCUG.

Results

Of the 474 kidneys evaluated, 306 showed slight hydro-nephrosis in the echography. Only 98 of these presented reflux (32%) (14 grade I, 50 grade II, 32 grade III and 2 grade IV). The echography was normal (i.e. hydronephrosis not present) in 52 kidneys with reflux (31%) which were contralateral to hydronephrotic kidneys, although 38 of these had reflux of grade II or higher. The echography showed slight hydronephrosis in 208 kidneys that did not have reflux during MCUG (68%).

Conclusions

There were no significant differences in the incidence of VUR among normal or hydronephrotic kidneys. There is a poor correlation between slight hydronephrosis and presence or grade of reflux in newborns and breast-fed infants. The latter should not, therefore, be considered an indication for MCUG.

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