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Vol. 43. Issue 6.
Pages 290-292 (January 2001)
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Vol. 43. Issue 6.
Pages 290-292 (January 2001)
Pancreatitis por Clostridium perfringens con retroneumoperitoneo extenso*
Pancreatitis caused by Clostridium perfringensinfection with extensive retropneumoperitoneum
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Elena Merchante1,
Corresponding author
juanele@nexo.es

ELENA MERCHANTE GARCÍA. C/. Bogotá, 21, 3.o, Drcha. 41013 Sevilla.
, Herminia Pérez1, Francisco J. García2, José L. Márquez2
1 Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico.
2 Servicio de Digestivo. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla.
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Resumen

Presentamos un caso de pancreatitis enfisematosa primaria debida a infección por Clostridium Perfringens(CP), (también llamada gangrene gaseosa pancreática espontánea), en un varón de 66 años de edad, diabético y con antecedentes de pancreatitis recidivante.

Es destacable la escasa focalidad del proceso, que se manifiesta radiológicamente con un extenso retroneumoperitoneo (RNP) y diseminación de el gas hacia la raíz del mesenterio y los espacios pélvicos extraperitoneales. Esta gran difusión está propiciada por las toxinas del propio Clostridiumy por las enzimas pancreáticas liberadas, dando un cuadro de evolución fulminante con una mortalidad temprana y elevada en todos los casos revisados. El diagnóstico precoz de esta entidad es fundamental para instaurar un tratamiento enérgico médico y quirúrgico urgente.

La diabetes es un factor de riesgo conocido para la infección por gérmenes anaerobios y entre ellos el CP, como es el caso de la colecistitis enfisematosa.

Un páncreas o conducto pancreático patológico, facilita la aparición de infecciones, ya que aclara mal los gérmenes que a él acceden desde el duodeno.

La gangrena gaseosa secundaria a sobreinfección de necrosis o colecciones pancreáticas es rara y la espontánea o primaria es excepcional.

Palabras clave:
Pancreatitis enfisematosa
Clostridium perfrigens
Retroneumoperitoneo
Gangrena pancreática
Abstract

We present a case of primary emphysematous pancreatitis caused by Clostridium perfringensinfection (also known as spontaneous pancreatic gas gangrene) in a 66-year-old man with diabetes and a history of recurrent pancreatitis.

One notable feature is the absence of a focal distribution, which is seen on radiological studies to be accompanied by extensive retropneumoperitoneum, with dissemination of the gas toward the mesenteric root and pelvic extraperitoneal spaces. This wide diffusion is aided by the C. perfringens toxins and the pancreatic enzymes released, leading to a fulminant course, an elevated rate of early mortality among the cases reviewed. The early diagnosis of this disease is fundamental, enabling aggressive medical treatment and emergency surgery.

Diabetes is a known risk factor for anaerobic infection, including C. perfringens, as in the case of emphysematous cholecystitis.

A diseased pancreas or pancreatic duct facilitates the development of infections since it eliminates poorly the microorganisms that reach it from the duodenum.

Gas gangrene secondary to necrosis-related superinfection or pancreatic collections is uncommon, and spontaneous or primary cases are exceptionally rare.

Key words:
Emphysematous pancreatitis
Clostridium perfringens
Retropneumoperitoneum
Pancreatic gangrene

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