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Inicio Radiología Pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa en la infancia: una entidad rara*
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Vol. 45. Issue 5.
Pages 225-227 (January 2003)
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Vol. 45. Issue 5.
Pages 225-227 (January 2003)
Pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa en la infancia: una entidad rara*
Childhood Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: an Uncommon Entity
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Cristina Bravo-Bravo*, María I. Martínez-León
,
Corresponding author
marcela337@hotmail.com

MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ LEÓN. Av. Pintor Sorolla, 16, 1.º. 29016 Málaga. España.
, Luisa Ceres-Ruiz*, Bernardo Weil-Lara**
* Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico. Radiología Pediátrica.
** Departamento de Anatomía Patológica. Hospital Materno-Infantil del CHU Carlos Haya. Málaga. España.
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La pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica infrecuente, caracterizada por la sustitución de tejido renal por un infiltrado celular de macrófagos cargados de lípidos. En la biblio-grafía existen pocos casos descritos en niños. La patogenia permanece desconocida, aunque hasta en un 76% se ha relacionado con obstruc-ción litiásica de la unión pieloureteral. Los gérmenes implicados con más frecuencia son Escherichia coliy Proteus mirabilis. Dado que ni sus características clínicas ni los hallazgos radiológicos son específi-cos, con frecuencia es infradiagnosticada. El diagnóstico definitivo es anatomopatológico y el tratamiento, la nefrectomía.

Presentamos un caso diagnosticado tras el estudio anatomopatológi-co de la pieza renal, en un niño con pionefrosis y mala evolución, ha-ciendo hincapié en la importancia de realizar el diagnóstico preopera-torio e incluir esta entidad en el diagnóstico diferencial de procesos obstructivo-infecciosos de tórpida evolución.

Palabras clave:
Pielonefritis
Xantogranulomatosis
Pionefrosis

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an uncommon chronic inflammatory illness characterized by the replacement of renal parenchyma with a cellular infiltration of lipid-laden macrophages. There are few cases in the literature which describe the disease in children. Its pathogenesis remains unknown, although in up to 76% of cases it has been related to lithiasic obstruction of the pyeloureteral junction.

Escherichia coliand Proteus mirabilisare most often cited as being the causing bacteria. Since neither its clinical characteristics nor radiological manifestations are specific, it is frequently infradiagnosed. Its definitive diagnosis is anatomopathological, and it is treated by neph-rectomy.

We present the case of a child with poorly evolving pyonephrosis diagnosed after the anatomopathological study of a renal sample. Special note is made of the importance of performing a preoperative diagnosis, and including such in a differential diagnosis with slowly evolving infectious/obstructive processes.

Key words:
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
Pyonephrosis

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