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Vol. 42. Issue 1.
Pages 23-29 (January 2000)
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Vol. 42. Issue 1.
Pages 23-29 (January 2000)
Tratamiento endovascular de la hemoptisis: influencia del tipo de patología en el pronóstico postembolización
Endovascular treatment of hemoptysis: influence of the type of pathology on the postembolization prognosis
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José García, Manuel Fernández, Alberto Fernández, Dolores Durán, Luis Domínguez, Esther Boullosa, Moisés Casal, Juan Vieito
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Objetivo: Describir la evolución de los pacientes con hemoptisis, tras la embolización de las arterias responsables, valorando los porcentajes de resangrado en los distintos grupos patológicos. Material y métodos: En los cinco últimos años hemos realizado 77 embolizaciones en arterias sistémicas bronquiales o no bronquiales en 64 pacientes (46 hombres y 18 mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 83 años (media 54 ± 15). Las patologías de base han sido: tuberculosis activas (n = 11), tuberculosis inactivas (n = 15), bronquiectasias (n = 14), aspergilomas (n = 3), neoplasias pulmonares (n = 10), absceso de pulmón (n = 1), miscelánea (n = 10). Resultados: Hubo resangrado en 25 casos (32%), de los que 13 fueron nuevamente embolizados, siete se sometieron a cirugía y tres murieron durante la nueva hemoptisis. En dos casos no se encontraron arterias patológicas y no se embolizó. La eficacia hemostásica global fue del 86% a los siete días, del 78% al mes y del 61% al año. En el grupo de tuberculosis, los porcentajes fueron del 96% a la semana y del 91% al mes y al año, mientras que en el grupo de no tuberculosis (neoplasias, abscesos, etc.) fueron de 80% a los siete días, del 70% al mes y del 42% al año. Conclusiones: Según nuestra experiencia, el resangrado es más frecuente en el grupo de no tuberculosis. En estos casos el seguimiento debe ser más estrecho y habrá que valorar otras posibilidades terapéuticas (cirugía, radioterapia, láser endobronquial) como complemento al tratamiento percutáneo endovascular.
Palabras clave:
Hemoptisis
Embolización bronquial
Tuberculosis
Objective: To describe the course of patients with hemoptysis following embolization of the arteries involved, assessing the incidence of rebleeding in patients grouped according to type of pathology. Material and methods: Over the past five years, we have carried out 77 embolizations in bronchial and other systemic arteries in 64 patients (46 men and 18 women) ranging in age from 18 to 83 years (mean: 54 ± 15 years). The underlying diseases were active tuberculosis (n = 11), latent tuberculosis (n = 15), bronchiectasis (n = 14), aspergilloma (n = 3), pulmonary neoplasm (n = 10), lung abscess (n = 10) and miscellaneous conditions (n = 10). Results: Rebleeding occurred in 25 patients (32%). Of these, 13 had to undergo repeat embolization, 7 were treated surgically and 3 died during the recurrence of hemoptysis. In two cases, no diseased arteries could be found and embolization was not performed. The overall hemostatic efficacy was 86% after 7 days, 78% after one month and 61% after one year. In the patients with tuberculosis, the rates were 96% at one week and 91% at one month and one year, while among the remaining groups (with neoplasm, abscess, etc.), the incidences were 80% at day 7, 70% at one month and 42% at one year. Conclusions: According to our experience, rebleeding occurs most frequently among patients with diseases other than tuberculosis. In these cases, follow-up should be closer and other therapeutic alternatives (surgery, radiotherapy, endobronchial laser) should be considered as a complement to percutaneous endovascular treatment.
Keywords:
Hemoptysis
Bronchial artery embolization
Tuberculosis

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