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Inicio Rehabilitación Tratamiento rehabilitador de los traumatismos craneoencefálicos en la fase agud...
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Vol. 36. Issue 6.
Pages 321-326 (January 2002)
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Vol. 36. Issue 6.
Pages 321-326 (January 2002)
Tratamiento rehabilitador de los traumatismos craneoencefálicos en la fase aguda
Rehabilitating treatment of cet in the acute phase
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16496
M.A. Amelivia Rodríguez
Corresponding author
med4pl4@c.s.vhebron.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Rehabilitación Hospital de Traumatologia y Rehabilitación Vall d’Hebron Av. Vall d’Hebron, 119–129 08035 Barcelona
Médico Adjunto de la Unidad de Rehabilitación Neurológica y Daño Cerebral.
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Resumen

El tratamiento rehabilitador de los pacientes que han sufrido un Traumatismo Craneoencefálico debe comenzar precozmente, en la fase aguda, durante el estado de coma, estando el paciente en la Unidad de Vigilancia Intensiva. Su objetivo principal es la prevención de complicaciones secundarias a la lesión cerebral que pueden aumentar la gravedad del proceso y de las secuelas posteriores.

Las complicaciones más frecuentes son: úlceras por decúbito, hidrocefalia post-traumática, limitaciones articulares por aumento de tono muscular, calcificaciones paraarticulares, consolidaciones viciosas por traumatismos asociados, trastornos de deglución y estenosis traqueales. La complejidad del proceso hace necesaria la intervención de diferentes especialistas y el papel del médico rehabilitador como coordinador del mismo.

Palabras clave:
Fase aguda del traumatismo craneoencefálico
Prevención de complicaciones secundarias
Calcificaciones paraarticulares
Consolidaciones viciosas
Estenosis traqueal
Trastornos de deglución
Summary

Rehabilitating treatment of patients who have suffered cranioencephalic traumatism should begin early, in the acute phase, during the coma state, while the patient is in the Intensive Care Unit. Its principal objective is to prevent complications secondary to brain damage that can increase the seriousness of the condition and of the posterior sequels.

The most frequent complications are: pressure sores, post-traumatic hydrocephaly articular limitations due to increase of muscle tone, para-articular calcifications, deficit in consolidations due to associated traumatisms, swallowing disorders and tracheal stenoses. The complexity of the condition makes the intervention of different specialists and the role of the rehabilitation physician as its coordinator necessary.

Key words:
Acute phase cranioencephalic traumatism
Prevention of secondary complications
Para-articular calcifications
Defective consolidations
Tracheal stenosis
Swallowing disorders

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