Brief report
Contribution to the knowledge of pathogenic fungi of spiders in Argentina. Southernmost record in the world
Aporte al conocimiento de los hongos patógenos de arañas en Argentina. El registro más austral del mundo
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The green squares depict districts where GAS isolates were obtained. 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Se ajustó un modelo polinomial y se realizó una comparación múltiple basada en la prueba de Tukey. Letras diferentes en cada barra indican diferencias significativas entre cepas en el día 12 (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,05).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Reyna L. Camacho-Morales, José Luis Gerardo-Gerardo, Karina Guillén Navarro, José E. Sánchez" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Reyna L." "apellidos" => "Camacho-Morales" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José Luis" "apellidos" => "Gerardo-Gerardo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Karina" "apellidos" => "Guillén Navarro" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José E." "apellidos" => "Sánchez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0325754117300135?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03257541/0000004900000002/v1_201706021206/S0325754117300135/v1_201706021206/es/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Brief report</span>" "titulo" => "Contribution to the knowledge of pathogenic fungi of spiders in Argentina. Southernmost record in the world" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "197" "paginaFinal" => "200" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Romina G. Manfrino, Alda González, Jorge Barneche, Julieta Tornesello Galván, Nigel Hywell-Jones, Claudia C. López Lastra" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Romina G." "apellidos" => "Manfrino" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "manfrino@cepave.edu.ar" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Alda" "apellidos" => "González" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Jorge" "apellidos" => "Barneche" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Julieta" "apellidos" => "Tornesello Galván" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Nigel" "apellidos" => "Hywell-Jones" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Claudia C." "apellidos" => "López Lastra" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Bhutan Pharmaceuticals Private Limited, Thimphu, Bhutan" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Aporte al conocimiento de los hongos patógenos de arañas en Argentina. El registro más austral del mundo" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1243 "Ancho" => 1651 "Tamanyo" => 113763 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Conidia and phialides of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Purpureocillium lilacinum</span>.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Entomopathogenic fungal species parasitizing spiders have been reported worldwide<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,4,7,10,11</span></a>. Commonly, the fungal genera recorded include <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Akanthomyces</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cordyceps</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gibellula</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nomuraea, Ophiocordyceps</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Torrubiella. Gibellula mainsii</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">G. brunnea</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">G. clavata</span> have been reported in South America<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>, whereas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gibellula clavulifera</span> var. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span> has been recorded in Mexico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>. However, no attempts have been made to identify the host spider species. In Argentina, the only record of fungal pathogens of spiders is <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nomuraea atypicola</span> infecting <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Actinopus</span> spp.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify entomopathogenic fungi of Araneae in “El Destino”, a protected area of Buenos Aires province, Argentina.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Araneae specimens were collected during 2012, 2013 and 2014 from the protected area known as “El Destino”, located in Pearson (33°39′09″S and 60°53′25″W), Magdalena, Buenos Aires province, 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>km away from the Río de La Plata River. The environments are principally forests of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Celtis tala</span> Gillet ex Planchon (Ulmaceae), associated with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Jodina rombifolia</span> Hook et Arn. – (Santalaceae) <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acacia caven</span> (Mol.) Mol. (Leguminosae). These areas have soils containing sedimentary shells and are subject to seasonal flooding. Spiders were hand-collected individually mainly from under trees (leaf litter) and under stones close to vegetation, and from soil samples and holes, and deposited with fine forceps into small clean capped plastic tubes that were identified with the site, date, and collector's name. Fungi were recovered from freshly collected specimens using direct isolation techniques<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,5</span></a>. For this purpose, the spiders were collected with fine forceps sterilized by flame and their surface was superficially disinfected by submerging them first in ethanol 70° for 20–30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s and then washed in sterile distilled water. Mycelia or fungal spores were taken with a sterile needle or looper and inoculated into 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm sterilized Petri dishes. The culture medium used was Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDYA)<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>antibiotics (gentamicin<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>chloramphenicol) and SDYA with crystal violet and dodine. The dishes were then sealed with Parafilm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span> and cultures were incubated in an incubator in darkness at 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C for 2 weeks.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Microscopic and macroscopic descriptions were made from SDYA and from malt extract agar for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lecanicillium aphanocladii</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Purpureocillium lilacinum</span>, respectively. Mycelia were mounted in lactophenol/cotton blue (0.01%, w/v) and observed by phase contrast under an Olympus CH3 microscope. Fungal preparations were photographed using a Nikon Optiphot microscope equipped with differential interference contrast fitted with a Canon PowerShot A80 camera. The length and width of fungal structures (conidia, conidiogenous cells and mycelia) were measured to enable species identification. Fungal species were identified according to taxonomic keys and monographs in Samson et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>, and Zare and Gams<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Araneae species identified was <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stenoterommata platensis</span> Holmberg 1881 (Mygalomorphae, Nemesiidae) and 13 specimens (nine females, two males and two juveniles) were collected.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fungal identification and taxonomic observations:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lecanicillium aphanocladii</span> Zare & Gams Nova Hedwigia 73 (1–2): 27 (2001) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">=Synonymy:</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acremonium aranearum</span> Petch, Transactions of the British Mycological Society 16 (4): 242 (1931).</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aphanocladium aranearum</span> (Petch) W. Gams, Cephalosporium-artige Schimmelpilze: 198 (1971).</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Classification: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ascomycota</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pezizomycotina</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sordariomycetes</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hypocreomycetidae</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hypocreales</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cordycipitaceae</span>.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Date: June 20, 2014.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Culture collection access number: CEP 556</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Collector: Barneche, J.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Leg. & det.: López Lastra, C.C.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Description:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0045"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Macroscopic characterization: colonies growing up to 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in diameter after 10 days at 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C. Color white cream to lightly orange and colony reverse white cream, mycelia sticky.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Microscopic characterization: conidiogenous cells 4.5–9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm in length (average 48.5)<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm in width. Globose to slightly ovoid conidia 4.03–5.72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm in length (average 4.82<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm)<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.90–3.09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm (average 2.60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm) in width.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Purpureocillium lilacinum</span> (Thom) Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Hywel-Jones & Samson, FEMS Microbiology Letters 321: 144 (2011) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">=Synonymy</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Penicillium lilacinum</span> Thom, Bull. Bur. Anim. Ind. U.S. Dep. Agric.: 73 (1910)</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040"><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Paecilomyces lilacinus</span> (Thom) Samson, Studies in Mycology 6: 58 (1974)</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045"><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Penicillium amethystinum</span> Wehmer</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0050"><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Spicaria rubidopurpurea</span> Aoki, Bull. Imp. Seri cult. Exp. Sta. Japan: 419–441 (1941)</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Classification: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ascomycota</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pezizomycotina</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sordariomycetes</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hypocreomycetidae</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hypocreales</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ophiocordycipitaceae</span>.</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Date: June 20, 2014.</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Culture collection access number: CEP 555</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Collector: Barneche, J.</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Leg. & det.: López Lastra, C.C.</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Description:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0025"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0055"><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Macroscopic characterization: colonies growing up to 35–40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in diameter after 7 days of incubation at 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C. Cottony and powdery mycelia presenting white color at the beginning, turning to pink or purple with increasing time of culture, reverse is purple.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0060"><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Microscopic characterization: phialides 4.45–5.00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm (average 4.78<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm) in length and 1.39–1.79<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm (average 1.64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm) in width. Globose conidia 1.79–2.27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm (average 2.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm) in diameter.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0065"><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ophiocordyceps caloceroides</span> (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Petch, Transactions of the British Mycological Society 18 (1): 63 (1933) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>A and B).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">=Synonymy</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0070"><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cordyceps caloceroides</span> Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 10: 375 (1869).</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Classification: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ascomycota</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pezizomycotina</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sordariomycetes</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hypocreomycetidae</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hypocreales</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cordycipitaceae</span>.</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Date: December 02, 2014.</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Herbarium access number: CEP 28.</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Collector: Manfrino, R. and Barneche, J.</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Leg. & det.: López Lastra, C.C. and Hywel-Jones, N.</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Description:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0035"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0075"><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Microscopic characterization: mature stroma with perithecia 90–190<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm (x¯:134 μm) red color when mature. Asci 50–90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm in length (average 13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm) and 4–5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm in width (average 4.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm), presenting filiform septate ascospores 10–25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm in length (average 13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm) and 4–5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm in width (average 4.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm).</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study contributes to further increasing the knowledge of species of entomopathogenic fungi that infect spiders and of their biodiversity range. This is the second report of fungal species infecting spiders in Argentina and the southernmost record for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O. caloceroides</span> (which had never been reported in Argentina before). <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L. aphanocladii</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C. polyarthra</span> constitute the first reports of fungi infecting spiders in Argentina.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors state that no experiments have been performed on humans or animals for this research.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appears in this article.</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Ethical responsibilities</span><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres848662" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec843773" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres848661" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec843772" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Ethical disclosures" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Protection of human and animal subjects" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Confidentiality of data" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent" ] ] ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Ethical responsibilities" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack284622" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 8 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2016-02-23" "fechaAceptado" => "2016-10-29" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec843773" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Spiders" 1 => "Pathogens" 2 => "Fungi" 3 => "Biodiversity" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec843772" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Arañas" 1 => "Patógenos" 2 => "Hongos" 3 => "Biodiversidad" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to identify entomopathogenic fungi infecting spiders (Araneae) in a protected area of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The Araneae species identified was <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stenoterommata platensis</span>. The pathogens identified were <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lecanicillium aphanocladii</span> Zare & W. Gams, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Purpureocillium lilacinum</span> (Thom) Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Hywel Jones & Samson and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ophiocordyceps caloceroides</span> (Berk & M.A. Curtis). This study constitutes the southernmost records in the world and contributes to expanding the knowledge of the biodiversity of pathogenic fungi of spiders in Argentina.</p></span>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar hongos entomopatógenos de arañas en un área protegida de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. La especie de araña identificada fue <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stenoterommata platensis.</span> Los patógenos identificados fueron <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lecanicillium aphanocladii</span> Zare y W. Gams, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Purpureocillium lilacinum</span> (Thom) Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Hywel Jones y Samson y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ophiocordyceps caloceroides</span> (Berk y M.A. Curtis). Este estudio constituye el registro más austral del mundo y contribuye a ampliar el conocimiento de la biodiversidad de hongos patógenos de arañas en Argentina.</p></span>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1223 "Ancho" => 1625 "Tamanyo" => 82441 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Conidia and phialides of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lecanicillium aphanocladii.</span></p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1243 "Ancho" => 1651 "Tamanyo" => 113763 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Conidia and phialides of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Purpureocillium lilacinum</span>.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1551 "Ancho" => 2834 "Tamanyo" => 492462 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O. caloceorides</span>. (A) <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S. platense</span> showing fungal stroma of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O. caloceorides</span>. (B) Details of asci of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O. caloceorides</span>.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fungos entomopatogenicos</span>" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "S.B. 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Evans" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mycologia" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "84" "paginaInicial" => "300" "paginaFinal" => "314" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Occurrence of the araneogenous fungus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gibellula pulchra</span> in Turkey" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "F. Selçuk" 1 => "E. Huseyin" 2 => "M. Gaffaroglu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mycol Balc" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "61" "paginaFinal" => "62" ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gibellula</span> on spiders from Taiwan" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S.S. Tzean" 1 => "L.S. Hsieh" 2 => "W.J. Wu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mycologia" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "89" "paginaInicial" => "309" "paginaFinal" => "318" ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A revision of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Verticillium</span> sect. Prostata IV. The genera <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lecanicillium</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Simplicillium</span> gen. nov" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R. Zare" 1 => "W. Gams" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nova Hedwigia" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "73" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "50" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack284622" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" "texto" => "<p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">CONICET</span> (National Research Council of Argentina) for partially financial support trough doctoral fellowships to R. Manfrino and A. Gutiérrez, to <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs2">UNLP National University of La Plata (Universidad Nacional de La Plata)</span> for financial support through Grant N° <span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs2">760</span>, “Programa de Incentivos” (UNLP).</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/03257541/0000004900000002/v1_201706021206/S0325754116301250/v1_201706021206/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "37862" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Microbiología agrícola, ambiental e industrial" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03257541/0000004900000002/v1_201706021206/S0325754116301250/v1_201706021206/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0325754116301250?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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