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Vol. 37. Issue 3.
Pages 264-271 (August - October 2009)
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Vol. 37. Issue 3.
Pages 264-271 (August - October 2009)
SERIE DE CASOS
Open Access
Anestesia espinal para colecistectomia
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13797
R. Nayibe Salamanca
,***
, C. Iván Fernando Quintero*, José Andrés Calvache**
* MD. Anestesióloga, profesora asistente, Departamento de Anestesiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Cauca
** MD. Residente de Anestesiología, Universidad del Valle
*** MD. Residente de Anestesiología, Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica, Universidad del Cauca
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RESUMEN
Introducción

La anestesia espinal o subaracnoidea brinda al paciente calidad y múltiples ventajas. Sin embargo, en procedimientos quirúrgicos que comprometen al abdomen superior ha sido poco empleada, como en la colecistectomía. En estas cirugías, ya sean laparoscópicas o abiertas, se ha empleado de forma rutinaria la anestesia general.

Objetivo

Describir la aplicación de anestesia espinal para la realización de colecistectomía abierta.

Materiales y métodos

Es un estudio retrospectivo, serie de casos, que evaluó 32 pacientes ASA I y II a los que se les realizó colecistectomía abierta, bajo anestesia espinal, en el tiempo comprendido entre junio de 2002 y junio de 2004, en un Hospital Nivel II de la ciudad de Popayán, previo consentimiento aprobado por el Comité Científico del Hospital.

Resultados

En 25 mujeres y 7 hombres, con edad media de 33,6 años, se observó que la frecuencia cardiaca y la presión arterial sistólica, diastólica y media disminuyeron durante los primeros 20 minutos; luego, sus valores se incrementaron hasta estabilizarse por debajo de los parámetros iniciales respectivos. El 34,3% de la población presentó eventos transoperatorios como hipotensión, bradicardia, náusea, vómito, dolor en hombro o dolor torácico. En dos de estos pacientes fue necesario cambiar a anestesia general. En el postoperatorio, 21,7% de los pacientes presentaron efectos adversos: náusea, vómito y cefalea. El 90 % egresaron del hospital en las primeras 48 horas. No se reportó mortalidad intra o postoperatorio inmediata.

Conclusiones

La anestesia espinal es una alternativa a tener en cuenta para procedimientos como la colecistectomía abierta.

Key words:
spinal Anaesthesia
regional anaesthesia
cholecistectomy
laparoscopic colesistectomy. (Fuente MeSH)
Palabras clave:
anestesia espinal
anestesia regional
colecistectomía
colecistectomía laparoscópica. (Fuente Decs)
ABSTRACT
Introduction

Spinal anaesthesia offers patients quality as well as several advantages; however in surgical procedures which involve the upper abdomen it had been less employed in procedures such as cholecistectomy by laparoscopic technique or via opening the abdomen where the general anaesthesia is the common procedure.

Objective

To describe the application of spinal anaesthesia for open cholecistectomy procedures.

Material and methods

This is a retrospective study, based on case reports, which evaluated 32 patients ASA I y II which underwent open cholecistectomy under spinal anaesthesia , from June, 2002 to, June, 2004, in a second level hospital in Popayan, Colombia, and with the corresponding consent of the scientific committee.

Results

The study included 25 women and 7 men, with a mean age of 33,6 years. The homodynamic profile was measured by monitoring patients heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These valúes diminished during the first 20 minutes, however, afterwards they increased until reaching stability below the initial parameters. In 34.3% of the population evaluated exhibited adverse intra-operative events such as hypotension and /or bradicardia, nausea, vomiting, thoracic or shoulder pain. There are no reports of postoperative mortality. In two of the cases, it was necessary to revert the technique to the use of general anaesthesia. During the postoperative period 21,7% of the patients showed some adverse events, such as nausea and vomiting. In the study, 90% of the patients were released from the hospital within the first 48 hours after the procedure. No intra or immediate post- operatory mortality was reported.

Conclusions

Spinal anaesthesia is an alternative to keep in mind for procedures such as open cholecistectomy.

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Nota del Editor: Rectificación a la versión publicada originalmente en la Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología, Vol. XXXV No. 2, (abril-junio), Año 2007.

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