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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología Anestesia espinal con levobupivacaína hiperbárica al 0,75 % para artroscopia a...
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Vol. 38. Issue 4.
Pages 471-485 (November - January 2011)
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Vol. 38. Issue 4.
Pages 471-485 (November - January 2011)
INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA Y TECNOLÓGICA
Open Access
Anestesia espinal con levobupivacaína hiperbárica al 0,75 % para artroscopia ambulatoria de rodilla: estudio aleatorio doble ciego que compara tres dosis diferentes
Spinal Anesthesia using 0.75 % Hyperbaric Levobupivacaine for outpatient Knee Arthroscopy
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Fredy Ariza Cadena
, Luis Fernando González Arboleda*, Jaime Humberto Jordán*, Jorge Humberto Mejía Mantilla*, Carmen Sofía Cárdenas*, Rafael Ordóñez*, Paulo José Llinás**,
Corresponding author
fredyariza@hotmail.com

Correspondencia a Fredy Ariza Cadena
* Depto de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Clínica del Dolor
** Departamento de Ortopedia. Fundación Valle de Lili. Depto de Anestesiología, centro de ortopedia y fracturas, Cali, Colombia.
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RESUMEN
Objetivo

Evaluar la probabilidad de bloqueo motor a través del tiempo, al comparar tres dosis de levobupivacaína hiperbárica (LBPH) al 0,75 %, utilizando una técnica espinal unilateral.

Métodos

180 pacientes ASA I-II entre 18 y 60 años programados para artroscopia unilateral de rodilla fueron aleatorizados prospectivamente a recibir 7,5mg (n = 59), 9,37mg (n = 61) y 11,25mg (n = 60) de LBPH al 0,75 %, a través de una aguja Whitacre 27-gauge, y fueron dejados en decúbito lateral por cinco minutos. Un observador independiente evaluó el nivel de bloqueo motor y sensitivo luego del retorno a la posición supina, al final de la cirugía y cada diez minutos en UCPA hasta el alta.

Resultados

No hubo diferencias demográficas o en las tasas de falla de bloqueo al comparar los grupos. El tiempo de resolución completa del bloqueo motor fue menor cuando se utilizó 7,5mg (145 ± 49 frente a 156 ± 65 frente a 170 ± 70,5min., respectivamente. P = 0,006), así como los tiempos de permanencia en UCPA (155 ± 45 frente a 178 ± 70 frente a 184 ± 72min., respectivamente, P = 0,004), sin diferencias en los tiempos de resolución del bloqueo sensitivo. La probabilidad de resolución del bloqueo motor a los 200min. fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de 7,5mg [0,95 (95 % CI 0,84 - 0,98) frente a 0,80 (0,67- 0,88) frente a 0,73 (0,59 - 0,82, respectivamente. OR: 1,84 (95 % CI 1,28 - 2,64].

Conclusión

7,5mg de LBPH al 0,75 % por vía espinal es una dosis eficaz y segura en pacientes sometidos a procedimientos artroscópicos unilaterales de rodilla, lo que disminuye significativamente su estancia en recuperación y la duración del bloqueo motor.

Palabras clave:
Anestesia raquídea
anestésicos locales
procedimientos quirúrgicos ambulatorios
artroscopia
rodilla (Fuente: DeCS, BIREME)
SUMMARY
Objetive

To assess the probability of motor block through time by means of a comparison between three doses of 0.75 % hyperbaric levobupivacaine (HLBP) using a unilateral spinal technique.

Methodos

180 ASA I-II patients between 18 and 60years of age scheduled for unilateral knee arthroscopy were randomized prospectively to receive 7.5mg (n = 59), 9.37mg (n = 61) and 11.25mg (n = 60) of 0.75 % HLBP through a 27-gauge Whitacre needle, and were left in a lateral decubitus position for five minutes. An independent observer assessed the level of motor and sensory block after returning to the supine position, at the end of surgery, and every ten minutes in the PACU until discharge.

Results

There were no diferences in demographics or failure rates among the groups among the groups. The time for complete resolution of the motor block was shorter when 7.5mg were used (145 ± 49 vs. 156 ± 65 vs. 170 ± 70.5min, respectively. P = 0,006). Length of stay in the PACU was also shorter (155 ± 45 vs. 178 ± 70 and 184 ± 72min, respectively, P = 0,004), with no difference in the time periods for the resolution of the sensory block. The probability of block resolution after 200 minutes was significantly higher in the group receiving 7.5mg [0.95 (95 % CI 0.84 - 0.98) vs. 0.80 (0.67 - 0.88) vs. 0.73 (0.59 - 0.82), respectively. OR: 1.84 (95 % CI 1.28 - 2.64].

Conclusions

The spinal administration of 7.5mg of 0.75 % HLBP is effective and safe in patients undergoing unilateral arthroscopic procedures of the knee. This reduces length of stay in the recovery room and the duration of the motor block.

Keywords:
Spinal anesthesia
levobupivacaine
ambulatory surgical procedures
arthroscopy
knee (Source: MeSH, NLM)
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