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Vol. 38. Issue 4.
Pages 445-455 (November - January 2011)
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Vol. 38. Issue 4.
Pages 445-455 (November - January 2011)
INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA Y TECNOLÓGICA
Open Access
Cambio de catéter central programado al octavo día es superior al cambio guiado por signos de infección en pacientes críticamente enfermos
Programmed Central Line Change on the Eighth Day Is Better than Being Guided by Signs of Infection for Changing it in Critically-ill patients
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Efraín Riveros Pérez
* MD, Director Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo. Clínica de los Andes Tunja. Director Departamento Ciencias Clínicas. Universidad de Boyacá, Colombia.
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RESUMEN
Objetivos

Comparar la eficacia del esquema de cambio de catéter venoso central (CVC) programado al octavo día de inserción, con el esquema de cambio guiado por signos de infección, sobre la prevención de colonización e infección de catéter central.

Diseño

Experimento controlado aleatorizado.

Pacientes

Todos los pacientes admitidos a la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo (UCI) que requirieron inserción de un CVC entre agosto 1 de 2008 y octubre 31 de 2009 fueron asignados aleatoriamente a uno de dos grupos de acuerdo con el tiempo de cambio de CVC. En un grupo se retiró el catéter al octavo día, mientras que en el otro se retiro guiado por signos locales o sistémicos de infección.

Mediciones y resultados

Los trayectos/puntas de catéter fueron cultivados en todos los casos. La tasa de colonización de catéter (≥ 103 unidades formadoras de colonias [ufc]/mL por cultivo cuantitativo) y tasa de sepsis por catéter fueron significativamente menores en el grupo de retiro al octavo día (12 vs. 31 [RR = 0,4, IC 95 % (0,1 - 0,9), p < 0,01] y 6 vs. 16 [RR = 0,4, IC 95 % (0,1 - 0,97), p = 0,05], respectivamente). Las tasas de colonización de catéter y de sepsis por 1.000 días catéter también fueron significativamente menores en el grupo de retiro al octavo día (8 vs. 31 [RR = 0,3, IC 95 % (0,1 - 0,9), p = 0,03] and 5 vs. 19 [RR = 0,3, IC 95 % (0,1 - 0,9), p = 0,02], respectivamente).

Conclusión

La estrategia de retiro de CVC a octavo día fue más efectiva que la estrategia de retiro de CVC guiado por signos de infección, en términos de colonización y sepsis por catéter.

Palabras clave:
sepsis
infecciones relacionadas con catéteres
control de infecciones (Fuente: DeCS BIREME)
SUMMARY
Objectives

Comparing the efficacy of a protocol for scheduled central line change 8days after insertion to local/systemic driven change protocol regarding the prevention of central venous or arterial catheter colonisation and infection.

Design

Prospective, randomised clinical trial.

Patients

All patients admitted to the ICU requiring central venous catheter insertion from August 1st 2008 to October 31st 2009. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups according to timing of central line exchange. In one group, venous catheter was removed by day 8, and in the other group, it was removed guided by local or systemic signs of infection.

Measurements and Main Results

Catheter distal tips were quantitatively cultured in all patients. Significant catheter colonisation rate (i.e. > or = 103 colony-forming units [cfu]/mL by quantitative culture) and catheter-related sepsis (as defined by sepsis abating following catheter removal per 1,000 catheter-days) were significantly lower in the 8th day removal group (12 vs. 31 [0.4 relative risk; 0.1 to 0.9 95 % confidence interval; p < 0.1] and 6 vs. 16 [0.4 relative risk; 0.1 to 0.97 95 % confidence interval; p=0.05], respectively). Central venous catheter colonisation and central venous catheter-related sepsis rate per 1,000 catheter-days were also significantly lower in the 8th day removal group (8 vs. 31 [0.3 relative risk; 0.1 to 0.9 95 % confidence interval; p = 0.03] and 5 vs. 19 [0.3 relative risk; 0.1 to 0.9 95 % confidence interval; p = 0.02], respectively).

Conclusions

The 8th day catheter removal strategy was more effective than catheter removal strategy guided by signs of infection in terms of colonisation and catheter-related sepsis.

Keywords:
Sepsis
catheter-related infections
infection control (Source: MeSH NLM)
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