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Vol. 38. Issue 1.
Pages 34-49 (February - April 2010)
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Vol. 38. Issue 1.
Pages 34-49 (February - April 2010)
Investigación científica y tecnológica
Open Access
Concordancia de la evaluación objetiva y subjetiva en la predicción y hallazgo de vía aérea difícil
Agreement between the objective and subjective evaluation for predicting and finding a difficult airway
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Héctor J. Meléndez*, Douglas Leal**, Diego Ramírez**
* Profesor Asociado Postgrado Anestesiología UIS MSc Grupo de Epidemiologia Clínica UIS
** Anestesiólogo UIS
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RESUMEN
Introducción

Al evaluar la vía aérea influyen múltiples factores que dificultan la anticipación precisa de la complejidad de su abordaje. Al momento del examen físico, la discrepancia entre médicos sobre la definición y aplicación de los factores predictores de la vía aérea difícil cobra gran importancia; la mayoría de las valoraciones son subjetivas, no se usan todos los factores predictores validados, y la posición de su evaluación mucha veces se hace de urgencia en posición decúbito, lo cual genera divergencias en el diagnóstico de vía aérea dificil.

Objetivo

Evaluar la concordancia entre la predicción objetiva y la subjetiva en posición sentada y decúbito, y el hallazgo de vía aérea difícil, al ser realizadas por anestesiólogos y residentes.

Materiales y métodos

Se trató de un estudio de evaluación de tecnología diagnóstica. La muestra calculada fue de 116 sujetos y hubo seguimiento del 100 %. Se incluyeron pacientes del Hospital Universitario de Santander con puntaje de la American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) de 1 a 3. Se evaluó la concordancia mediante el valor kappa; se determinó el rendimiento de cada factor predictor (sensibilidad, especificidad, valores pronósticos) y, finalmente, se realizó un modelo mediante regresión logística.

Resultados

El grado de concordancia de las valoraciones objetiva y subjetiva en el hallazgo de vía aérea difícil en las dos posiciones, fue pobre. La clasificación de Mallampatti fue la que obtuvo mejor índice kappa (0,20). La concordancia intraobservador fue excelente o buena. En general, todos los factores predictores fueron específicos y poco sensibles. En el modelo predictor, sólo la apertura oral y la clasificación de Mallampatti tuvieron odds ratio (OR) significativos, lo cual afirma mayormente el preconcepto de tener una adecuada valoración de la cavidad oral como adecuado factor predictor de la vía aérea difícil.

Palabras clave:
Intubación Intratraqueal
Conducta de Reducción del Riesgo
Diagnóstico
Variaciones Dependientes del Observador (Fuente: DeCS, BIREME)
ABSTRACT
Introduction

When assessing the airway, there are multiple factors that hinder the accurate prediction of the degree of difficulty for airway management. During the physical examination, disagreement among the physicians with regards to the definition and use of predictive factors of a difficult airway is crucial. Most assessments are subjective, not all the validated predictors are used and usually the assessment is made in an emergency setting with the patient in decubitus position, giving rise to disagreement in the diagnosis of a difficult airway.

Objective

To assess the agreement between objective and subjective predictions and the finding of a difficult airway in a sitting and decubital position, by anesthesiologists and residents.

Materials and Methods

This was a trial for evaluating diagnostic technology. The estimated sample included 116 patients with 100 % followup. The patients were from the Santander University Hospital with a 1–3 ASA score. Agreement was established using kappa values. Every predictor was evaluated for performance (sensitivity, specificity, prognostic values) and finally, a logistic regression model was developed.

Results

The level of agreement between the objective and subjective evaluation of the difficult airway in both positions was poor. The Mallampatti classification gave the best kappa index (0,20). Intraobserver agreement was excellent or good. In general, all predictors were specific and low in sensitivity. Just the mouth opening and Mallampati classification in the predictive model exhibited a significant odds ratio (OR), which stresses the believe that an accurate oral cavity evaluation is an appropriate predictor for a difficult airway.

Key words:
Intubation
Intratracheal
Risk Reduction
Diagnosis
Interobserver Variation (Source: MeSH, NLM)
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Segundo puesto. Concurso Luis Cerezo. XXVIII Congreso Colombiano de Anestesiología y Reanimación, 2009.

Copyright © 2010. Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología
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