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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología Hipocapnia en neuroanestesia: estado actual
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Vol. 40. Issue 2.
Pages 137-144 (April - June 2012)
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Vol. 40. Issue 2.
Pages 137-144 (April - June 2012)
Open Access
Hipocapnia en neuroanestesia: estado actual
Hypocapnia in Neuroanesthesia: Current Situation
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11297
María E. Solano C.a,
Corresponding author
maryaches@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondencia: Transversal 39a # 39c-10 sur, Int 2, Apto 204, Alameda de Villamayor, Etapa 2, Bogotá, Colombia.
, Ichel Castillo B.b, María C. Niño De Mejíac
a Residente III año, Anestesiología, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
b Residente III año, Anestesiología, Universidad de la Sabana, Bogotá, Colombia
c Neuroanestesióloga-Intensivista, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
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Article information
Resumen
Introducción

La hiperventilación ha sido una maniobra común en el manejo anestésico de procedimientos neuroquirúrgicos. Hace unos años había escepticismo entre los médicos sobre si esto resultaba en isquemia cerebral. Hoy sabemos que es perjudicial y deteriora el estado y el pronóstico del paciente.

Objetivo

Hacer una revisión de los efectos adversos de la hipocapnia en diferentes órganos, principalmente el cerebro, e identificar las recomendaciones actuales de su utilidad.

Métodos

Realizamos una búsqueda de la literatura en la base de datos de PubMed utilizando términos MeSH incluidos en las palabras clave; se amplió con la revisión de algunos textos y la bibliografía de los artículos más relevantes.

Resultados

Con la revisión de la literatura, se ha demostrado que la hipocapnia es perjudicial tanto para el cerebro como para otros tejidos, y la recomendación actual es utilizarla sólo en dos situaciones (en caso de herniación inminente y para mejorar el campo quirúrgico) y por 20 min.

Conclusiones

La hiperventilación no debe ser una intervención anestésica rutinaria en el manejo del paciente neuroquirúrgico; debe tener una indicación precisa y, una vez la indicación haya cesado, la intervención debe ser retirada lo más pronto posible.

Palabras clave:
Hipocapnia
Anestesia
Hiperventilación
Dióxido de carbono
Abstract
Introduction

Hyperventilation has been a usual maneuver in the management of anesthesia in neurosurgical procedures. A few years back there used to be some medical skepticism about the potential of cerebral ischemia and today we know that it is detrimental and worsens the patient's condition and prognosis.

Objective

To review the adverse effects of hypocapnia on various organs —mainly the brain— and to identify the current recommendations about its use.

Methodology

We conducted a PubMed literature search using MeSH terminology including the key words. The search was expanded to include a review of several texts and the bibliography of the most relevant articles.

Results

The literature review showed that hypocapnia is harmful for the brain and for other tissues and the current recommendation is to use it for two situations only: in case of imminent herniation and to improve the surgical field, limited to 20 minutes.

Conclusions

Hyperventilation should not be a routine anesthetic intervention for the management of the neurosurgical patient; there must be a precise indication and once the situation is corrected, the intervention must be immediately withdrawn.

Keywords:
Hypocapnia
Anesthesia
Hyperventilation
Carbon dioxide
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