Regístrese
covid
Revista Colombiana de Cardiología
Buscar en
Revista Colombiana de Cardiología
Toda la web
Inicio Revista Colombiana de Cardiología Factores de riesgo en diabetes mellitus y pie diabético: un enfoque hacia la pr...
Journal Information
Previous article | Next article
Vol. 20. Issue 4.
Pages 213-222 (July - August 2013)
Export reference
Share
Share
Print
Download PDF
More article options
Statistics
Vol. 20. Issue 4.
Pages 213-222 (July - August 2013)
DOI: 10.1016/S0120-5633(13)70058-5
Open Access
Factores de riesgo en diabetes mellitus y pie diabético: un enfoque hacia la prevención primaria
Risk factors of diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot: a primary approach to prevention
Visits
14692
Download PDF
Análida E. Pinilla1,2,
Corresponding author
aepinillar@unal.edu.co

Correspondencia: Ciudad Universitaria. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Edificio Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Medicina Interna, Bogotá, Colombia. Teléfono: (57-1) 316 5000 extensión: 15167.
, María del P. Barrera3, Ana L. Sánchez4, Arturo Mejía4
1 Grupo de Apoyo Pedagógico y Formación Docente
2 International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot
3 Departamento de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia
4 Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia
This item has received
14692 Visits

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Statistics
Objetivo

revisar la literatura sobre factores de riesgo asociados a diabetes mellitus y sus complicaciones, las estrategias de prevención y la importancia de programas interdisciplinarios para mejorar la calidad de vida.

Fuente de datos

búsqueda de la literatura científica publicada en español e inglés, en bases de datos como Medline, SciELO y otras de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia mediante palabras clave; además, revisión de libros y consensos afines con el tema.

Selección de estudios

se revisaron los títulos y resúmenes de documentos para seleccionar las publicaciones originales, así como las más representativas con relación a prevención primaria y educación.

Extracción de datos

la literatura se clasificó y organizó de acuerdo con el tema principal y la estructura del artículo.

Síntesis de datos

se inició un análisis crítico para ordenar y sintetizar los avances relacionados con los siguientes ítems: factores de riesgo para diabetes mellitus, epidemiología, pie diabético, educación, prevención primaria y estilos de vida relacionados con ejercicio y alimentación.

Conclusión

el impacto de la diabetes mellitus y sus complicaciones en la salud de los individuos hace necesario establecer políticas de salud pública de prevención primaria, para minimizar el progreso de esta epidemia. Es esencial instaurar y fortalecer programas educativos orientados por profesionales de la salud, además de implementar la formación en diabetes mellitus en los currículos de pregrado y posgrado del área de la salud.

Palabras clave:
prevención
diabetes mellitus
factores de riesgo
Objective

to review the literature on risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus and its complications, prevention strategies and the importance of interdisciplinary programs to improve the quality of life.

Data source

search of the scientific literature published in Spanish and English, in databases such as Medline, SciELO and others from the National University of Colombia using keywords; also book reviews and consensus related to the topic.

Study selection

the titles and abstracts of papers were reviewed in order to select the original publications, as well as the most representative ones in relation to primary prevention and education.

Data extraction

the literature was classified and organized according to the main theme and the structure of the article.

Data Synthesis

a critical analysis was initiated to organize and synthesize the advances related to the following items: risk factors for diabetes mellitus, epidemiology, diabetic foot, education, primary prevention and lifestyles related with exercise and diet.

Conclusion

the impact of diabetes mellitus and its complications in the health of individuals makes it necessary to establish public health policies for primary prevention to minimize the progress of this epidemic. It is essential to establish and strengthen educational programs oriented by health professionals, as well as to implement the training in diabetes mellitus in the undergraduate and graduate curricula of the health area.

Key words:
prevention
diabetes mellitus
risk factors
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Prevención de la diabetes mellitus. Ginebra: Informe de un Grupo de Estudio de la OMS. Ginebra: Serie de Informes Técnicos; 1994.
[2.]
A.E. Pinilla.
Pie diabético.
Primera edición, pp. 511-523
[3.]
The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). International Consensus on the Diabetic Foot. Interactive Version by The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot a consultative section of the International diabetes mellitus Federation. Disponible en: http://www.iwgdf.org/[consultado el 10 de octubre del 2007].
[4.]
A.E. Pinilla, M.P. Barrera, C. Rubio, D. Devia, 6th International Symposium on the diabetic foot. Foundation International Symposium on the diabetic foot.
Prevention activities for diabetes foot, risk factors in hospitalized patients.
The Netherlands, (2011), pp. 187-188
[5.]
A.E. Pinilla, G.C. Fonseca.
Pie Diabético.
Perspectivas en Medicina Interna, pp. 89-104
[6.]
M.H. Nabuurs-Franssen, M.S.P. Huijberts, A.C. Nieuwenhuijzen Kruseman, J. Willems, N.C. Schaper.
Health-related quality of life of diabetic foot ulcer patients and their caregivers.
Diabetologia, 48 (2005), pp. 1906-1910
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-005-1856-6 | Medline
[7.]
G. De Berardis, F. Pellegrini, M. Franciosi, M. Belfiglio, B. Di Nardo, S. Greenfield, et al.
Are type 2 diabetic patients offered adequate foot care? The role of physician and patient characteristics.
J Diabetes Complications, 19 (2005), pp. 319-327
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.02.005 | Medline
[8.]
B.R. Shah, J.E. Hux, A. Laupacis, B. Zinman, M. Zwarenstein.
Deficiencies in Quality of Diabetes Care: Comparing Specialist with Generalist Care Misses the Point.
J Gen Int Med, 22 (2007), pp. 275-279
[9.]
The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF).
International Consensus Update Diabetic Foot.
IWGDF, (2003),
[10.]
D.G. Armstrong, L.A. Lavery, T.L. Quebedeaux, S.C. Walker.
Surgical morbidity and the risk of amputation due to infected puncture wounds in diabetic versus nondiabetic adults.
South Med J, 90 (1997), pp. 384-389
Medline
[11.]
J. Larsson, J. Apelqvist, C.D. Agardh, A. Stenström.
Decreasing incidence of major amputation in diabetic patients: a consequence of a multidisciplinary foot care team approach?.
Diabet Med, 12 (1995), pp. 770-776
Medline
[12.]
L.A. Lavery, D.G. Armstrong, R.P. Wunderlich, J. Tredwell, A.J. Boulton.
Diabetic foot syndrome: evaluating the prevalence and incidence of foot pathology in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites from a diabetes disease management cohort.
Diabetes Care, 26 (2003), pp. 1435-1438
Medline
[13.]
R.G. Frykberg.
Diabetic foot ulcers: pathogenesis and management.
Fam Physician, 66 (2002), pp. 1655-1662
[14.]
Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Bogotá, DC. Dirección de Salud Pública. Asociación Colombiana de diabetes mellitus. Norma Guía para el programa de prevención y control de la diabetes mellitus para Bogotá, DC. Bogotá: Litográficas Velasco; 2004.
[15.]
A.E. Pinilla, L. Lancheros, D.F. Viasus.
Guía de at ención de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Guías de promoción de la salud y prevención de enfermedades en la salud pública, Ministerio de la Protección Social de Colombia, (2007), pp. 361-439
[16.]
P. Aschner, H. King, M. Triana, B.M. Rodríguez.
Glucose intolerance in Colombia, a population-based survey in an urban community.
Diabetes Care, 16 (1993), pp. 90-93
Medline
[17.]
A.E. Pinilla, M.P. Barrera.
Manual par a la prevención de la diabetes mellitus y complicaciones como el pie diabético.
Segunda Edición, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, (2013),
[18.]
G.D. Valk, D.M.W. Kriegsman, W.J.J. Assendelft.
Patient education for preventing diabetic foot ulceration.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2001),
[19.]
G. Fonseca, M.T. Pérez, A.E. Pinilla.
Enfoque integral del paciente con pie diabético.
Rev Fac Med Univ Nac Colomb, 44 (1996), pp. 81-87
[20.]
M. Bruckner, M. Mangan, S. Godin, L. Pogach.
Project LEAP of New Jersey: lower extremity amputation prevention in persons with type 2 diabetes.
Am J Manag Care, 5 (1999), pp. 609-616
Medline
[21.]
S. Rith-Najarian, C. Branchaud, O. Beaulieu, D. Gohdes, G. Simonson, R. Mazze.
Reducing lower extremity amputations due to diabetes: application of the staged diabetes management approach in a primary care setting.
J Fam Pract, 47 (1998), pp. 127-132
Medline
[22.]
K.E. O'Brien, V. Chandramohan, D.A. Nelson, J.R. Fischer, G. Stevens, J.A. Poremba.
Effect of a physician-directed educational campaign on performance of proper diabetic foot exams in an outpatient setting.
J Gen Intern Med, 18 (2003), pp. 258-265
Medline
[23.]
The Diabetes Control, Complications Trial Research Group,.
The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
N Engl J Med, 329 (1993), pp. 977-986
http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199309303291401 | Medline
[24.]
UK., Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group,.
Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33).
Lancet, 352 (1998), pp. 837-853
Medline
[25.]
G. De Berardis, F. Pellegrini, M. Franciosi, M. Belfiglio, B. Di Nardo, S. Greenfield, et al.
Physician attitudes toward foot care education and foot examination and their correlation with patient practice.
Diabetes Care, 27 (2004), pp. 286-287
Medline
[26.]
A.E. Pinilla, A.N. Sánchez, A. Mejía, M.P. Barrera.
Actividades de prevención del pie diabético en pacientes de consulta externa de primer nivel.
Rev Salud Pública, 13 (2011), pp. 262-273
[27.]
R. Ayala.
Descargas plantares y biomecánica del pie diabético.
Pie Diabético Atención Integral. Segunda edición, pp. 375-384
[28.]
International Consensus on the Diabetic Foot & Practical Guidelines on the Management and Prevention of the Diabetic Foot. International Working Group on the diabetic foot. 2011. Fecha de acceso: 11 de agosto de 2013. Disponible en: http://iwgdf.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/1-dmrr2253-no-1.pdf.
[29.]
C.I. Kiely.
Diabetic Foot Care Education: It's not just about the foot.
J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs, 33 (2006),
[30.]
J. Myers, M. Prakash, V. Froelicher.
Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing.
N Engl J Med, 346 (2002), pp. 793-801
http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa011858 | Medline
[31.]
B. Rice, R. Janssen, R. Hudson, R. Ross.
Effects of aerobic exercise and/or diet on glucose tolerance and plasma levels in obese men.
Diabetes Care, 22 (1999), pp. 684-691
Medline
[32.]
M.P. Barrera, A.E. Pinilla, É. Cortés, G. Mora, M.N. Rodríguez.
Síndrome metabólico: una mirada interdisciplinaria.
Rev Colomb Cardiol, 15 (2008), pp. 111-126
[33.]
J. Plank, W. Haas, I. Rakovac, E. Görzer, R. Sommer, A. Siebenhofer, et al.
Evaluation of the impact of chiropodist care in the secondary prevention of foot ulcerations in diabetic subjects.
Diabetes Care, 26 (2003), pp. 1691-1695
Medline
[34.]
M. Moran.
Symposium on ‘Recent developments in diabetes care’. The evolution of the nutritional management of diabetes.
Proc Nutr Soc, 63 (2004), pp. 615-620
Medline
[35.]
J.I. Mann, I. De Leeuw, K. Hermansen, B. Karamanos, B. Karlström, N. Katsilambros, et al.
Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) of the European Association for the Study Evidence-based nutritional approaches to the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 14 (2004), pp. 373-394
Medline
[36.]
American Diabetes Association,.
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes- 2013.
Diabetes Care, 36 (2013), pp. S11-S66
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc13-S011 | Medline
[37.]
R. Micha, D. Mozaffarian.
Trans fatty acids: Effects on cardiometabolic health and implications for policy.
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 79 (2008), pp. 147-152
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2008.09.008 | Medline
[38.]
D.I. Molina.
Evidencia clínica de los ácidos grasos omega-3 procedentes de los peces en prevención primaria y secundaria.
Rev Colomb Cardiol, 16 (2009), pp. 9-11
[39.]
R.G. Metcalf, M. James, B. Gibson, J. Edwards, Stubberfield, R. Stuklis, et al.
Effects of fish-oil supplementation on myocardial fatty acids in human.
Am J Clin Nutr, 85 (2007), pp. 1222-1228
Medline
[40.]
N.F. Sheard, N.G. Clark, J. Brand-Miller, M.J. Franz, F.X. Pi-Sunyer, E. Mayer-Davis, et al.
Dietary carbohydrate (amount and type) in the prevention and management of diabetes. A statement by the American Diabetes Association.
Diabetes Care, 27 (2004), pp. 2266-2271
Medline
[41.]
C. Zipp, J.T. Roehr, L.B. Weiss, F. Filipetto.
Impact of intensive nutritional education with carbohydrate counting on diabetes control in type 2 diabetic patients.
Patient Prefer Adherence, 5 (2010), pp. 7-12
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S13907 | Medline
[42.]
L. Lancheros, T.J. Guzmán, mellitus. Diabetes, M.P. En: Barrera, T.J. Guzmán, L. Lancheros.
Diabetes melitus e hipertensión arterial: aspectos médicos y nutricionales. Primera edición.
Unibiblos, (2006), pp. 17-136
[43.]
M.P. Barrera.
Reflexiones en torno a la alimentación y la prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares.
Rev Fac Med, 59 (2011), pp. 1-3
[44.]
Guías Alimentarias para la Población Colombiana mayor de 2 años. Bases técnicas. Bogotá: Ministerio de Salud, Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar, Fundación Colombiana para la Nutrición Infantil; 2000. p. 56.
[45.]
Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes,.
J.Rosas-GuzmánR.Lyra. Documento de posición de Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes con aval de sociedades de diabetes y endocrinología latinoamericanas para el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2, 18 (2010), pp. 108-119
[46.]
IDF Clinical Guidelines Task Force. Global guideline for Type 2 diabetes. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation, 2005. p. 1-79. Fecha de acceso: 11 de agosto de 2013. Fecha de acceso: http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/IDF%20GGT2D.pdf.
[47.]
J.B. Saaddine, B. Cadwell, E. Gregg, M.M. Engelgau, F. Vinicor, G. Imperatore, et al.
Improvements in diabetes processes of care and intermediate outcomes: United States, 1988-2002.
Ann Intern Med, 144 (2006), pp. 465-474
Medline
[48.]
R.J. Tapp, P.Z. Zimmet, C.A. Harper, M.P. De Courten, B. Balkau, D.J. McCarty, et al.
Diabetes care in an australian population - frequency of screening examinations for eye and foot complications of diabetes.
Diabetes Care, 27 (2004), pp. 688-693
Medline
[49.]
M.A. Del Aguila, G.E. Reiber, T.D. Koepsell.
How does provider and patient awareness of high-risk status for lower extremity amputation influence foot-care practice?.
Diabetes Care, 17 (1994), pp. 1050-1054
Medline
[50.]
P.R. Cavanagh, J.S. Ulbrecht.
The biomechanics of the foot in diabetes mellitus.
Levin and O’Neals The diabetic foot, Seventh, pp. 115-184
Copyright © 2013. Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular

Subscribe to our newsletter

Recommended
articles
El rol de la vacunación contra influenza y su impacto en...
Rev Col Cardiol. 2020;27:582-8
Factores asociados a la mortalidad en el primer año...
Rev Col Cardiol. 2020;27:223-31
Prevalencia de factores asociados a la enfermedad...
Rev Col Cardiol. 2020;27:109-16
Download PDF
Article options