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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Association Between Precarious Employment and Disability in Adults Over 50 Years...
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Original article
Available online 21 July 2023
Association Between Precarious Employment and Disability in Adults Over 50 Years of Age in Mexico
Asociación entre el trabajo precario y la discapacidad en adultos mayores de 50 años en México
Dulce María Ramírez-Gonzáleza, Mireya Zamora-Macorraa,
Corresponding author
mzamora@correo.xoc.uam.mx

Corresponding author.
, Claudia Iveth Astudillo Garcíab
a Metropolitan Autonomous University, Xochimilco, Mexico Campus, Ciudad de México, Mexico
b Psychiatric Care Services, Secretariat of Health, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Figures (1)
Tables (3)
Table 1. Sociodemographic and health variables of adults aged 50 and older, ENASEM 2018.
Table 2. Associations between disability and sociodemographic variables, morbidity, and working conditions in adults aged 50 or older.
Table 3. Logistic regression model stratified by sex for the development of disability.
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Abstract
Background

The risk of disability increases when workers perform a precarious job, in unsafe conditions and without social benefits or any type of contract. The objective of the study was to identify the relationship between exposure to unstable employment and the prevalence of disability in men and women over 50 years of age.

Methods

Secondary analysis of the 2018 round of the National Survey on Health and Aging (ENASEM). A precarious employment variable was constructed using historical information on the main job; work activities were classified as cognitive or manual. Disability was assessed by limitations in performing the basic and essential activities of daily living. Bivariate analyses and a logistic regression model were conducted and stratified by sex to assess the association between employment and disability. An interaction between precarious employment and manual labor was calculated and adjusted for schooling and economic situation.

Results

The final sample consisted of 3480 adults over the age of 50. Fifty-eight percent of the population was classified as having had precarious employment throughout their working life. Associations were found between precarious employment and disability in women (OR 2.92, 95% CI: 1.33–18.87), as well as marginally significant associations with manual activities (OR 2.92, 95% CI: 0.99–8.59), and for the interaction between precarious employment and manual labor (OR 4.01, 95% CI: 0.96–16.61).

Conclusion

Disability is associated with precarious working conditions, especially in women.

Keywords:
Disability
Employment status
Precarious employment
Worker
Resumen
Antecedentes

El riesgo de discapacidad aumenta cuando los trabajadores desempeñan un trabajo precario, con condiciones inseguras y sin prestaciones sociales o ningún tipo de contrato. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la relación entre la exposición a un empleo inestable y la prevalencia de discapacidad en hombres y mujeres mayores de 50 años.

Métodos

Análisis secundario de la ronda 2018 de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Envejecimiento (ENASEM). Se construyó una variable de empleo precario a partir de información histórica del empleo principal; las actividades laborales se clasificaron como cognitivas o manuales. La discapacidad se evaluó mediante las limitaciones para realizar las actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria. Se realizaron análisis bivariados y un modelo de regresión logística estratificados por sexo para evaluar la asociación entre empleo y discapacidad. Se calculó una interacción entre empleo precario y trabajo manual y se ajustó por escolaridad y situación económica.

Resultados

La muestra final consistió en 3.480 adultos mayores de 50 años. El 58% de la población tuvo un empleo precario a lo largo de su vida laboral. Se encontraron asociaciones entre empleo precario y discapacidad en mujeres (OR 2,92; IC 95%: 1,33-18,87), así como asociaciones marginalmente significativas con actividades manuales (OR 2,92; IC 95%: 0,99-8,59), y para la interacción entre empleo precario y trabajo manual (OR 4,01; IC 95%: 0,96-16,61).

Conclusión

La discapacidad está asociada a condiciones laborales precarias, especialmente en las mujeres.

Palabras clave:
Discapacidad
Estatus laboral
Trabajo precario
Trabajador

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