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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Estudio de la estructura latente del síndrome maníaco mediante técnicas de es...
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Vol. 39. Issue 2.
Pages 240-250 (June 2010)
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Vol. 39. Issue 2.
Pages 240-250 (June 2010)
Artículos originales
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Estudio de la estructura latente del síndrome maníaco mediante técnicas de escalamiento multidimensional
The Study of the Latent Structure of the Manic Syndrome Using Multidimensional Scaling Techniques
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Óscar René Rangel Urrea1,
Corresponding author
hermes522@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Óscar René Rangel Urrea, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Bogotá, Colombia
, Ricardo Sánchez Pedraza2
1 Médico psiquiatra, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia
2 Médico psiquiatra, profesor titular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia
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Resumen
Introducción y objetivo

Hasta este momento, algunos reportes sobre las dimensiones que conforman el síndrome maniaco sugieren que la importancia de los síntomas afectivos resulta controvertida. El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar la estructura de variables latentes del síndrome maniaco utilizando métodos de análisis factorial para variables ordinales y escalamiento multidimensional.

Método

Se estudiaron 404 pacientes admitidos consecutivamente y que cumplieron criterios DSM-IV para trastorno bipolar, episodio maniaco, hipomaniaco o mixto, usando la escala EMUN. Se efectuaron análisis factoriales para variables ordinales y análisis mediante escalamiento multidimensional.

Resultados

El análisis factorial evidenció cuatro factores clínicamente interpretables: activación, cognoscitivo, afectivo y depresivo. La activación resultó ser el dominio más importante. El escalamiento multidimensional confirmó que la activación es un factor identificable y que es el elemento constitutivo central del síndrome. Los síntomas afectivos resultaron ser componentes secundarios del síndrome. La hipersexualidad parece ser un síntoma aislado que probablemente sea el reflejo de otras dimensiones latentes.

Conclusión

La manía es la expresión de cuatro dimensiones. El dominio nuclear del síndrome es la activación. Aunque los síntomas depresivos no son el componente principal, es esencial su evaluación durante el abordaje de pacientes con episodios maniacos, hipomaniacos o mixtos.

Palabras clave:
trastorno bipolar
DSM-IV
modelos psicológicos
análisis factorial
Abstract
Introduction and Objective

To date, some reports about dimensions of mania suggest that the importance of affective symptoms is controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate the latent structure of the manic syndrome by using classical methods of factor analysis for ordinal variables and multidimensional scaling.

Method

404 consecutively admitted patients with DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder, manic, hypomanic or mixed were analyzed using the EMUN scale. Factor analysis for ordinal variables and multidimendional scaling were carried out.

Results

Factor analysis evidenced four clinically interpretable factors (activation, cognitive, affective, depression) with activation being the most important domain. Multidimensional scaling confirmed activation as an identifiable factor that is a central constituent of the syndrome, and affective symptoms as a secondary component. Hipersexuality seems to be an isolated symptom, probably reflecting other latent dimensions.

Conclusion

Mania is the expression of four dimensions. The core domain of the syndrome is activation. Although depressive symptoms are not the main component, its evaluation during manic, hypomanic or mixed states is essential.

Key words:
Bipolar disorder
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
psychological models
statistical factor analysis
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Conflicto de interés: los autores manifiestan que no tienen ningún conflicto de interés en este artículo.

Copyright © 2010. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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