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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Subsyndromal Depressive Symptoms in Bipolar II Disorder: a Community Mental Heal...
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Vol. 40. Issue S.
Pages 13S-49S (January 2011)
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Vol. 40. Issue S.
Pages 13S-49S (January 2011)
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Subsyndromal Depressive Symptoms in Bipolar II Disorder: a Community Mental Health Services Cohort Study (SIN-DEPRES)
Síntomas depresivos subsintomáticos en trastorno bipolar II: un estudio de cohorte de servicios de salud comunitarios
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Rosario de Arce1, Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Arriero2, José Luís Rodríguez-Calvin3, José María Ruiz-Aguado4, Silvia Zaragoza-Domingo5, Silvia Cobaleda6, Eduard Vieta7,
Corresponding author
evieta@clinic.ub.es

Corresponding author: Eduard Vieta, Hospital Clinic & CIBERSAM, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, España www.bipolarclinic.org
, Grupo SIN-DEPRES 1
1 Bipolar Disorder Unit. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro. Madrid. Spain
2 Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. University Complutense. CIBERSAM. Madrid. Spain
3 Psychiatry Unit. Hospital Fuenlabrada. Fuenlabrada (Madrid). Spain
4 Centro de Salud Mental Lakuabizkarra. Vitoria (País Vasco). Spain
5 PSYNCRO. Neuropsychological Research Organization, S.L. Barcelona. Spain
6 Neurosciences Area. Medical Department. GlaxoSmithKline S.A. Tres Cantos (Madrid). Spain
7 Bipolar Disorder Program. Institut Clínic de Neurociencies. Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and the impact of subclinical depressive symptoms (SDS) on the functional outcome of bipolar II (BD) outpatients in remission.

Methods

Cross-sectional and prospective 16-week study of a cohort of 739 euthymic BD patients included by 94 investigators in Spain. Clinical stability was assessed at baseline and week 16 with the Clinical Global Impression scale for BD (CGI-BP-M), depressive symptoms at baseline with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Montgomery-Asberg Scale (MADRS) and the self-applied Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Functional status was evaluated with the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) and Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale (SASS).

Results

The sample of type II BD was composed by 202 patients. SDS were detected in 21.3% of patients (95% IC=15.9 to 27.6) at baseline. In apparently symptom-free patients, the incidence of SDS after 16 weeks was 29% (MADRS >7). At baseline, SDS patients compared to non-SDS presented poorer social-occupational performance (SOFAS mean difference −13.3, 95% CI from −17.1 to −9.5) and poorer social adjustment (SASS mean difference −4.3, 95% CI from −7.0 to −1.7). Depressive symptoms were inversely related to functional status and social adjustment: MADRS-SOFAS correlation coefficients r = −0.55 (p<0.0001) and MADRS-SASS correlation coefficients r = −0.43 (p<0.0001). The self-applied questionnaire identified additional cases with depressive symptoms at baseline, showing a SDS-Total prevalence of 51% identified by any method. A MADRS score 5 showed 0.75 sensitivity and 0.69 specificity in the detection of cases with possible SDS based on self-reported results as gold standard.

Conclusions

Depressive symptoms in apparently remitted type II BD outpatients are common and as frequent as in other BD subtypes. These subclinical symptoms result in adverse occupational outcome and social maladjustment. MADRS and self-applied questionnaires during follow-up visits may provide important information about type II BD patients’ mood status and functionality.

Key words:
Bipolar II
depressive symptoms
subsyndromal
Resumen
Objetivos

Evaluar la prevalencia y el impacto de los síntomas depresivos subclínicos (SDS) en el resultado funcional de pacientes externos de bipolaridad II (TB) en remisión.

Métodos

Estudio transversal y prospectivo, de 16 semanas de duración, de una cohorte de 739 pacientes eutímicos de TB incluidos por 94 investigadores en España. La estabilidad clínica se evaluó, en la línea base y en la semana 16, con la Escala Impresión Global Clínica para TB (CGI-BP-M); los síntomas depresivos, en la línea base, con la Escala de Calificación de la Depresión de Hamilton (HDRS), la Escala Montgomery-Asberg (MADRS) y la Escala Autoaplicada para la Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D). El estado funcional se evaluó con la Escala de Evaluación del Funcionamiento Social y Ocupacional (SOFAS), y la Escala de Autoevaluación de la Adaptación Social (SASS).

Resultados

La muestra de TB tipo II estuvo compuesta de 202 pacientes. Se detectaron SDS en 21,3% de los pacientes (95% IC = 15,9 a 27,6) en la línea base. En pacientes que aparentemente no presentaban síntomas, la incidencia de SDS después de 16 semanas era de un 29% (MADRS>7). En la línea base, los pacientes SDS, en comparación con los no SDS, demostraban un desempeño social-ocupacional más pobre (diferencia media SOFAS −13,3, 95% IC de −17,1 a −9,5) y un ajuste social más pobre (diferencia media SASS −4,3, 95% IC de −7,0 a −1,7). Los síntomas depresivos estaban relacionados inversamente con el estado funcional y el ajuste social: coeficientes de correlación MADRS-SOFAS r = −0,55 (p<0,0001) y coeficientes de correlación MADRS-SASS r = −0,43 (p<0,0001). El cuestionario autoaplicado identificó casos adicionales con síntomas depresivos en la línea base, y mostró una prevalencia total de SDS de 51% identificada por cualquier método. Un puntaje MADRS ≥ 5 mostró una sensibilidad de 0,75 y una especificidad de 0,69 en la detección de casos con posible SDS, basándose en los resultados autoreportados como el estándar de oro.

Conclusiones

Los síntomas depresivos en pacientes externos de TB de tipo II aparentemente en remisión son comunes y son tan frecuentes como para los demás subtipos de TB. Estos síntomas subclínicos tienen resultados ocupacionales adversos así como inadaptación social. La MADRS y los cuestionarios autoaplicados durante las visitas de seguimiento pueden ofrecer información importante acerca del estado de ánimo y la funcionalidad del paciente de TB tipo II.

Palabras clave:
Transtorno bipolar
síntomas depresivos
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for the SIN-DEPRES Group

Copyright © 2011. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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