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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Trastorno bipolar y suicidabilidad en pacientes colombianos
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Vol. 40. Issue S.
Pages 108S-118S (January 2011)
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Vol. 40. Issue S.
Pages 108S-118S (January 2011)
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Trastorno bipolar y suicidabilidad en pacientes colombianos
Bipolar Disorder and Suicidality in Colombian Patients.
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Germán Eduardo Rueda-Jaimes1,
Corresponding author
gredu@unab.edu.co

Correspondencia: Germán Eduardo Rueda-Jaimes, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Calle 157 No. 19-55, Cañaveral Parque, Bucaramanga, Colombia
, Andrés Mauricio Rangel-Martínez-Villalba2, Paul Anthony Camacho3
1 Médico, profesor asociado y director del Grupo de Neuropsiquiatría del Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga. Director científico del Instituto del Sistema Nervioso del Oriente. Bucaramanga, Colombia
2 Médico, investigador del Grupo de Neuropsiquiatría del Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga. Residente de segundo año de Psiquiatría la Universidad de Antioquia. Bucaramanga, Colombia
3 MSc, investigador invitado del Grupo de Neuropsiquiatría de la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga. Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Resumen
Introducción

Tradicionalmente se ha considerado que el riesgo de muerte por suicidio de un paciente con trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) es superior a un paciente con trastorno bipolar (TB); sin embargo, evidencia reciente muestra que el riesgo es similar o mayor para los pacientes con TB. Los objetivos son determinar las diferencias según el diagnóstico (TDM o TB) en una muestra de pacientes con suicidabilidad que acuden a consulta especializada en una clínica privada de Bucaramanga, Colombia, y determinar las características específicas de pacientes con TB.

Métodos

Estudio de casos y controles anidados en una cohorte prospectiva. Se tomó una muestra consecutiva de los pacientes que consultan con suicidabilidad. Se realizó un análisis multivariado donde se compararon los pacientes con TB con aquellos en los cuales su diagnóstico fue TDM.

Resultados

Se entrevistaron 612 pacientes, pero en el estudio se incluyeron 593, puesto que 19 presentaban datos incompletos; 125 pacientes presentaron TB; 335, TDM, y 133, otros diagnósticos. Edad: OR=0,98 (0,96–0,99); abuso de sustancias: OR=2,14 (1,3-3,5); impulsividad: OR=1,85 (1,2-2,9); apoyo familiar: OR=0,46 (0,3-0,7). Estos factores diferenciaron a los pacientes con TB de los pacientes con TDM.

Conclusión

Los pacientes con TB que acudieron por suicidabilidad a una clínica privada de Bucaramanga, Colombia, presentaron mayor riesgo suicida que pacientes similares con TDM u otros diagnósticos. Los factores que diferencian los pacientes con TB de aquellos con TDM fueron una edad menor, el abuso de sustancias, la impulsividad y la falta de apoyo familiar.

Palabras clave:
Suicidio
intento de suicidio
ideación suicida
trastorno bipolar
Abstract
Introduction

Traditionally suicidally in a patient with major depressive disorder (MDD) is considered to be s higher than in a patient with bipolar disorder (BD), however recent evidence shows that the risk is similar or greater for patients with BD. The aim of this study was to determine the differences according to diagnosis in a sample of patients with suicidality attending a specialized private clinic in Bucaramanga, Colombia, and to identify specific characteristics of patients with BD.

Methods

Case-control study nested in a prospective cohort. A consecutive sample of patients with suicidality was collected. A multivariate analysis was performed in patients with BD to compare with those in whom the diagnosis was MDD.

Results

612 patients were interviewed but only 593 were included in the study because of incomplete data in the other 9. 125 patients had BD, 335 MDD and 133 other diagnoses. Age OR = 0.98 (0.96 to 0.99), substance abuse, OR = 2.14 (1.3 to 3.5), impulsivity OR = 1.85 (1.2–2.9), and family support OR = 0.46 (0.3 to 0.7) differentiated patients with BD from patients with MDD.

Conclusion

Suicidal patients with BD who attended a private clinic in Bucaramanga had higher suicidal risk than patients with MDD or other diagnoses. The factors that differentiated patients with BD from patients with MDD were younger age, substance abuse, impulsivity, and lack of family support.

Key words:
Suicide
suicide, attempted
suicidal ideation
bipolar disorder
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Conflictos de interés: Los autores manifiestan que no tienen conflictos de interés en este artículo.

Copyright © 2011. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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