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Review Article
Available online 29 October 2024
Relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment in the adult population over 60 years of age: A systematic review
Relación entre el consumo de alcohol y el deterioro cognitivo en población adulta mayor de 60 años: una revisión sistemática
Josep Deví-Bastidaa,b,
Corresponding author
josep.devi@uab.cat

Corresponding author.
, Meritxell Xifré-Passolsa, Lina María Oviedo-Penuelab, M. Teresa Abellán-Vidalb, M. Dolores López-Villegasb
a Departamento de Psicología Clínica y de la Salud, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
b Instituto de Neuropsiquiatría y Adicciones (INAD), Centros Asistenciales Dr. Emili Mira i López (CAEMIL-Recinto Torribera), Parc de Salut Mar, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Quality assessment of the selected studies using the “Instrumento para la lectura crítica y la evaluación de estudios epidemiológicos transversales” [Tool for the critical appraisal of epidemiological cross-sectional studies] by Berra et al.21
Table 2. Summary of the main characteristics of studies investigating the relationship between long-term alcohol use and cognitive impairment or dementia.
Table 3. Summary of the main characteristics of studies investigating the relationship between long-term alcohol use and impaired cognitive functions.
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Abstract
Introduction

Alcohol is the most consumed substance in Western culture and its use is a causal factor in more than 200 diseases and disorders. Our objective was to determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment in people aged ≥60, and identify which cognitive functions are most affected by prolonged alcohol consumption.

Methods

Search in MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Psicodoc, Cochrane and Web of Science databases. The search was limited to articles published from 2010 to 2020. A total of 8716 articles were obtained. Those repeated and unrelated to the topic were eliminated, leaving a total of seven articles: five longitudinal studies, covering the relationship between alcohol and cognitive impairment; and two cross-sectional studies, which helped identify which cognitive functions are more affected. This systematic review was carried out in accordance with the criteria of the PRISMA statement.

Results

Most of the studies found conclude that no or excessive alcohol consumption is associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment, compared to moderate consumption. In addition, excessive and prolonged alcohol consumption can evolve into secondary alcoholic dementia such as Marchiafava–Bignami disease, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome or pellagra. In people with alcohol use disorder, the cognitive functions that are most affected are executive functions, visuospatial skills, attention and memory.

Keywords:
Alcohol
Cognitive impairment
Dementia
Cognitive functions
Alcoholic dementia
Marchiafava–Bignami disease
Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome
Pellagra
Resumen
Introducción

El alcohol es la sustancia más consumida en la cultura occidental y su consumo es un factor causal en más de 200 enfermedades y trastornos. El objetivo es conocer la relación entre el consumo de alcohol y el deterioro cognitivo en personas de edad ≥ 60 años, así como qué funciones cognitivas se ven más afectadas por un prolongado consumo de alcohol.

Métodos

Búsqueda en las bases de datos MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Psicodoc, Cochrane y Web of Science. Se acotó la búsqueda a artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2020. Se obtuvieron 8.716 artículos. Se eliminaron los repetidos y no relacionados con el tema, con lo que quedaron en total 7 artículos. De estos, 5 estudios longitudinales sirvieron para conocer la relación entre el alcohol y el deterioro cognitivo y 2 estudios transversales, para conocer qué funciones cognitivas están más afectadas. Esta revisión sistemática se ha llevado a cabo de acuerdo con los criterios de la declaración PRISMA.

Resultados

La mayoría de los estudios encontrados concluyen que el consumo de alcohol nulo o excesivo se asocia con un mayor riesgo de deterioro cognitivo que el consumo moderado. Además, un consumo de alcohol excesivo y prolongado puede evolucionar hacia una demencia secundaria alcohólica como, por ejemplo, la enfermedad de Marchiafava-Bignami, la encefalopatía de Wernicke-Korsakoff o la pelagra. Por otra parte, en personas con trastorno por consumo de alcohol las funciones cognitivas que se ven más afectadas son las funciones ejecutivas, las habilidades visuoespaciales, la atención y la memoria.

Palabras clave:
Alcohol
Deterioro cognitivo
Demencia
Funciones cognitivas
Demencia alcohólica
Enfermedad de Marchiafava Bignami
Encefalopatía de Wernicke-Korsakoff
Pelagra

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