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Original article
Available online 29 October 2024
Exploring risk factors for depression: a network analysis
Explorando los factores de riesgo de la depresión: un análisis de red
Jonatan Baños-Chaparro
Corresponding author
banos.jhc@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
MSc. Universidad Norbert Wiener Lima, Lima, Peru
Received 21 December 2021. Accepted 16 January 2023
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Table 1. Descriptive analysis, centrality measure and predictability.
Abstract
Introduction

Depression is a frequent psychological problem in the general population. There are no single conclusive causes for its development; on the contrary, it arises from the interaction of other emotional disorders. Determining risk factors is a primary objective to identify vulnerable individuals and optimize prevention.

Objective

To analyze risk factors of the depression through network analysis in Peruvian adults from the general population.

Methods

Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. A total of 567 Peruvian adults who answered several instruments assessing depressive symptoms, insomnia, suicidal ideation and anxiety participated. An undirected network model with all psychological variables and a predictive path diagram was estimated to identify risk factors for depression. Measures of centrality, precision and stability were also analyzed. Results: The network structure showed that depression, insomnia, suicidal ideation, and anxiety were mutually associated. In terms of expected influence and predictability, depression obtained the highest value, followed by anxiety. In the prediction plot, all psychological variables were directly connected with depression, with anxiety having the highest connection. The tests of accuracy and stability (CS = 0,75), were robust.

Conclusions

The results of the study suggest that problems with insomnia, suicidal ideation, and anxiety, are considerable risk factors for depression. Identifying and intervening early on those risk factors in adults in the general population could help to prevent the development of depressive symptoms.

Keywords:
Depression
Risk factors
Adult
Mental health
Psychopathology
Resumen
Introducción

La depresión es un problema psicológico frecuente en la población general. No existen causas únicas concluyentes para su desarrollo, por el contrario, surge de la interacción de otros desórdenes emocionales. Determinar los factores de riesgo es un objetivo primordial para identificar a las personas vulnerables y optimizar la prevención.

Objetivo

Analizar los factores de riesgo de la depresión mediante el análisis de redes en adultos peruanos de población general. Métodos: Estudio transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Participaron 567 adultos peruanos que contestaron diversos instrumentos que evaluaban síntomas depresivos, insomnio, ideación suicida y ansiedad. Se estimó un modelo de red no dirigido con todas las variables psicológicas y un diagrama de ruta predictiva para identificar los factores de riesgo de la depresión. Las medidas de centralidad, precisión y estabilidad también fueron analizadas.

Resultados

La estructura de red demostró que la depresión, insomnio, ideación suicida y ansiedad se asociaron mutuamente. En términos de influencia esperada y predictibilidad, la depresión obtuvo el valor más alto, seguido de la ansiedad. En el diagrama de predicción, todas las variables psicológicas estaban directamente conectadas con la depresión, siendo la ansiedad con la mayor conexión. Las pruebas de precisión y estabilidad (CS = 0,75), fueron robustas.

Conclusiones

Los resultados del estudio sugieren que los problemas de insomnio, ideación suicida y ansiedad, son factores de riesgo considerables para la depresión. Identificar e intervenir anticipadamente aquellos factores de riesgo en adultos de población general, podría ayudar a evitar el desarrollo de los síntomas depresivos.

Palabras clave:
Depresión
Factores de riesgo
Adulto
Salud mental
Psicopatología

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