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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Reumatología Antinuclear antibody staining patterns by indirect immunofluorescence assay obse...
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Vol. 31. Issue 3.
Pages 296-303 (July - September 2024)
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Vol. 31. Issue 3.
Pages 296-303 (July - September 2024)
Original Investigation
Antinuclear antibody staining patterns by indirect immunofluorescence assay observed in patients from a tertiary health center in Latin America
Patrones de tinción de anticuerpos antinucleares por ensayo de inmunofluorescencia indirecta observados en pacientes de un centro de salud de tercer nivel en América Latina
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Valeria Erazo-Martíneza, Daniela Peñalozab, Julián Roserob, Iván Posso-Osoriob, Carmen Manuela Castilloc, Helen Johana Ortiz-Rojasc, Gabriel J. Tobónd,
Corresponding author
gtobon56@siumed.edu

Corresponding author.
a Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Clinical Research Center, Valle del Lili Foundation, Cali, Colombia
b Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
c Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Immunology and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Valle del Lili Foundation, Cali, Colombia
d Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, USA
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Patient's general characteristics.
Table 2. ANAs by medical specialties.
Table 3. Rheumatological and immune-mediated diseases in ANA-positive patients.
Table 4. ANA patterns.
Table 5. ANA patterns in patients with autoimmune diseases.
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Abstract
Introduction/Objective

This study aimed to describe the frequency of antinuclear antibody (ANA) staining patterns by indirect immunofluorescence assay observed in patients from a tertiary health center in Latin America.

Materials and methods

This retrospective, descriptive, and observational study evaluated data from all patients undergoing antinuclear antibody indirect immunofluorescence assay from a single-tertiary center (University Hospital Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali-Colombia) in 2020.

Results

One thousand and eight patients met the inclusion criteria. The median patient age was 47 (34–59.2) years, and most were female (769, 75.3%). A positive ANA immunofluorescence assay was observed in approximately two-thirds of patients (664, 65.8%). ANA test results were primarily used to exclude a suspected diagnosis in approximately half of the patients (466, 46.2%). Thirty-seven percent (250/664) of the cohort with ANA-positive titers had a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD). The most prevalent SARDs included rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (55, 8.2%) followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (37, 5.5%). The vast majority of ANA-positive patients had a reported speckled pattern (anti-cell [AC]-2,4,5; 269; 40.5%) followed by homogenous (AC-1; 266; 40%), nucleolar (AC-8,9,10; 46; 6.9%), and centromere (AC-3; 16; 2.4%). The most frequent patterns observed among SLE patients included homogenous (AC-1) patterns in 17 (45.9%) patients, speckled (AC-2,4,5) nuclear patterns in 11 (29.7%) patients, mixed patterns in 7 (18.9%) patients, and reticular/anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA, AC-21) cytoplasmic patterns in 2 (5.4%) patients.

Conclusion

This study is the first to describe ANA patterns in a Colombian population. Speckled and homogenous patterns were predominant in patients with SARDs.

Keywords:
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Antinuclear antibodies
Immunofluorescence patterns
Resumen
Introducción/Objetivo

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la frecuencia de los patrones de tinción de anticuerpos antinucleares (ANA) por ensayo de inmunofluorescencia indirecta, observados en pacientes de un centro de salud de tercer nivel en América Latina.

Materiales y métodos

Este estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y observacional evaluó los datos de todos los pacientes sometidos a un ensayo de inmunofluorescencia indirecta de anticuerpos antinucleares de un único centro terciario (Hospital Universitario Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali-Colombia) durante el 2020.

Resultados

Mil ocho pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La mediana de edad de los pacientes fue de 47 (34-59,2) años, y la mayoría eran mujeres (769, 75,3%). Se observó un ensayo de inmunofluorescencia ANA positivo en aproximadamente dos tercios de los pacientes (664, 65,8%). Los resultados de la prueba ANA se utilizaron principalmente para excluir un diagnóstico de sospecha en aproximadamente la mitad de los pacientes (466, 46,2%). El 37% (250/664) de la cohorte con títulos positivos para ANA tenía una enfermedad autoinmune sistémica (EAS). Las EAS más prevalentes incluyeron la artritis reumatoide (AR) (55, 8,2%) seguida del lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) (37, 5,5%). La gran mayoría de los pacientes positivos para ANA presentaron un patrón moteado (anticélula [AC]-2,4,5; 269; 40,5%) seguido de homogéneo (AC-1; 266; 40%), nucleolar (AC- 8,9,10; 46; 6,9%) y patrón nuclear centrómero (AC-3; 16; 2,4%). Los patrones más frecuentes observados entre los pacientes con LES incluyeron patrones homogéneos (AC-1) en 17 (45,9%) pacientes, patrones nucleares moteados (AC-2,4,5) en 11 (29,7%) pacientes, patrones mixtos en 7 (18,9%) pacientes, y patrones citoplasmáticos de anticuerpos reticulares/antimitocondriales (AMA, AC-21) en 2 (5,4%) pacientes.

Conclusión

Este estudio es el primero en describir los patrones de ANA en una población colombiana utilizando las nuevas clasificaciones. Los patrones moteados y homogéneos predominaron en los pacientes con EAS.

Palabras clave:
Lupus eritematoso sistémico
Anticuerpos antinucleares
Patrones de inmunofluorescencia

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