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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Reumatología Factores asociados con actividad del lupus eritematoso sistémico en insuficienc...
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Vol. 16. Issue 3.
Pages 265-275 (September 2009)
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Vol. 16. Issue 3.
Pages 265-275 (September 2009)
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Factores asociados con actividad del lupus eritematoso sistémico en insuficiencia renal crónica terminal
Factors Associated with Activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in End-Stage Renal Disease
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Luis Alonso González Naranjo1, Libia María Rodríguez Padilla2, Luis Alberto Ramírez Gómez3
1 Profesor asistente, Sección de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia
2 Grupo de Inmunología celular e inmunogenética, Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia
3 Profesor titular, Sección de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia
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Resumen
Objetivo

la actividad del lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) tiende a disminuir en pacientes que desarrollan enfermedad renal crónica terminal (ERCT). Sin embargo, la actividad extrarrenal no es infrecuente, especialmente en los primeros años de la diálisis. Nosotros estudiamos el curso clínico y evaluamos la actividad del LES en pacientes con ERCT en diálisis por más de seis meses. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores asociados con actividad lúpica durante la diálisis.

Métodos

se evaluaron retrospectivamente 15 pacientes con diagnóstico de LES quienes recibieron diálisis de mantenimiento en nuestro centro desde 2000 a 2009. Revisamos sus características clínicas, marcadores serológicos de actividad lúpica y actividad de la enfermedad según el SLEDAI. Se compararon los pacientes que presentaron exacerbaciones con quienes no presentaron exacerbaciones del lupus durante la diálisis de mantenimiento.

Resultados

el tiempo transcurrido entre el diagnóstico del LES y el inicio de la diálisis fue de 40.3 meses (6.3-84.3) y la duración de la diálisis fue de 21.8 meses (12.0-40.0). Ocho pacientes presentaron nueve episodios de exacerbación del LES durante la diálisis. Cuatro (44.4%) se presentaron durante el primer año de la diálisis. En comparación con las otras siete pacientes que no tuvieron exacerbaciones durante la diálisis, las pacientes con exacerbaciones fueron más jóvenes al inicio de la diálisis [22.4 años (17.9 – 24.9) vs 30.6 años (26.2 – 40.1); p=0.021] y tuvieron niveles séricos de C3 significativamente menores al inicio de la diálisis [63.5mg/dl (57.5 – 67.5) vs 90mg/dl (87.5 – 105), p=0.006].

Conclusión

la actividad lúpica no siempre se “apaga” en pacientes que progresan a ERCT. Pacientes con una edad más joven y niveles más bajos de C3 al inicio de la diálisis pueden tener un mayor riesgo de presentar exacerbaciones del lupus durante la diálisis. Se recomienda un seguimiento cuidadoso de los pacientes lúpicos que reciben terapia dialítica mediante un monitoreo clínico y serológico, particularmente para aquellos considerados como potenciales receptores de trasplante renal.

Palabras clave:
lupus eritematoso sistémico
actividad de la enfermedad
diálisis
enfermedad renal terminal.
Summary
Objective

the activity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) tends to decline in patients who develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, extrarenal activity is not uncommon, particularly during the first few years of dialysis. We studied the clinical course and assessed the SLE activity in patients with ESRD on dialysis for more than six months. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with postdialysis activity.

Methods

fifteen patients with SLE who were given maintenance dialysis in our center from 2000 to 2007 were examined retrospectively. Their clinical characteristics, serological markers of disease activity and disease activity as per systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity (SLEDAI) were reviewed. Patients with and without postdialysis lupus flares were compared.

Results

the time between SLE diagnosis and the onset of dialysis was 40.3 months (6.3-84.3) and the duration of dialysis was 21.8 months (12.0-40.0). Eight patients experienced 9 lupus postdialysis flares. Four flares (44.4%) occurred within the first year of dialysis. Compared with the other 7 patients who had no flares during dialysis, patients with flares were younger at the onset of dialysis [22.4 years (17.9 – 24.9) vs 30.6 years (26.2 – 40.1); p=0.021] and had serum levels of C3 significantly lower at the onset of dialysis [63.5mg/dl (57.5 – 67.5) vs 90mg/dl (87.5 – 105), p=0.006].

Conclusion

lupus activity does not always “burn out” in patients who progress to ESRD. Younger patients at the onset of dialysis and lower levels of C3 at the start of dialysis may have higher risk of postdialysis lupus flare. SLE patients on dialysis should be carefully followed up by clinical and serological monitoring, particularly in potential renal transplant recipients.

Key words:
systemic lupus erythematosus
disease activity
dialysis
lupus nephritis
end-stage renal disease.
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Copyright © 2009. Asociación Colombiana de Reumatología
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