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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Reumatología Polimialgia reumática: estudio descriptivo en Medellín, Colombia
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Vol. 18. Issue 4.
Pages 260-270 (December 2011)
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Vol. 18. Issue 4.
Pages 260-270 (December 2011)
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Polimialgia reumática: estudio descriptivo en Medellín, Colombia
Polymyalgia rheumatica: a descriptive study in Medellin, Colombia
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Adriana Lucía Vanegas1, Luis Alberto Ramírez2,
Corresponding author
largo2001co@yahoo.com

Correspondencia.
, Luis Alonso González3, Jorge Luis Acosta4
1 Médico internista, residente de reumatología, Universidad de Antioquia; Medellín, Colombia
2 Médico internista y reumatólogo, profesor titular de la sección de reumatología, Universidad de Antioquia; Medellín, Colombia
3 Médico internista y reumatólogo, jefe de la sección de reumatología, Universidad de Antioquia; Medellín, Colombia
4 Médico, Magister en Ciencias Clínicas, profesor de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia; Medellín, Colombia
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Resumen
Introducción

la polimialgia reumática (PMR) es una enfermedad inflamatoria que afecta a mayores de 50 años, caracterizada por dolor y rigidez en región cervical, cinturas escapular y pélvica y por una rápida respuesta a los glucocorticoides. Hasta donde sabemos, no hay estudios clínicos sobre PMR en nuestra población. Algunas enfermedades reumatológicas de comienzo tardío como artritis reumatoide (AR), lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES), espondiloartropatías y arteritis de células gigantes (ACG) pueden manifestarse con hallazgos de PMR. Igualmente, neoplasias hematológicas y algunos tumores sólidos pueden presentarse con un síndrome polimiálgico.

Objetivo

analizar las características clínicas, de laboratorio y terapéuticas de pacientes de Medellín con PMR entre 1998 y 2011.

Métodos

estudio descriptivo transversal. Se revisaron historias clínicas de pacientes con PMR y al menos 1 visita de seguimiento. Se analizaron variables sociales, demográficas, clínicas, de laboratorio y terapéuticas.

Resultados

se evaluaron sesenta y nueve pacientes (79,7% mujeres), 68 (98,6%) de los cuales tuvieron dolor y/o rigidez en cintura escapular y 62 (89,8%) en cintura pélvica. La velocidad de sedimentación globular (VSG) fue igual o mayor a 40mm/h en 43 (62,3%) pacientes y la proteína C reactiva (PCR) igual o mayor a 0,8mg/dl en 56 (81,2%). El 76.9% de los pacientes recibieron prednisolona en dosis = 15mg/día; 95,7% respondieron en los 3 primeros meses de tratamiento, 94,2% presentaron remisión (84,6% en los 6 primeros meses) y 39,1% tuvieron recaída (77,8% en el primer año de seguimiento). Los pacientes con VSG elevada tuvieron menor respuesta en el primer mes. Durante el seguimiento, 5 pacientes desarrollaron artritis reumatoide y 2 ACG.

Conclusiones

los hallazgos encontrados aportan mayor información sobre las características de los pacientes con PMR en nuestra población y confirman la rápida respuesta al tratamiento con dosis bajas a moderadas de esteroides y menor respuesta inicial en pacientes con VSG elevada. Su diseño y tamaño de muestra son insuficientes para definir asociaciones estadísticamente significativas.

Palabras clave:
polimialgia reumática
esteroide
artritis reumatoide
velocidad de sedimentación globular
Abstract
Background

Polymyalgia rheumatic is a syndrome that affects people over 50 years, characterized by pain and stiffness of shoulder and pelvic girdle. Its behavior in our population is unknown. It may be a manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous, and neoplasm or could be associated with giant cells arteritis and it is a common indication for steroid usage.

Objective

To analyze clinical, laboratory and treatment features of patients with PMR in Medellín between 1998–2011.

Methodology

Descriptive cross-sectional study. We reviewed medical records of patients with PMR with at least 1 follow-up visit. We analyzed social, demographic, clinical, laboratory and therapeutic variables.

Results

The records of 68 patients were assessed, 79.7% women. Pain and stiffness in shoulder and pelvic girdle were major symptoms. 62.3% had erythrocyte sedimentation rate equal to or greater than 40mm/h and 81.2% had C reactive protein equal to or greater than 0.8mg/dl. 76.9% received doses of prednisolone of 15mg/day or below. 95.7% responded within the first 3 months of treatment, 94.2% showed remission (84.6% within the first 6 months), 39.1% relapsed (most within the first year of monitoring). Those with elevated ESR had a lower response in the first month. Five patients developed rheumatoid arthritis and two patients giant cells arteritis.

Conclusions

These findings add more information about the clinical characteristics of patients with PMR. They allow suggesting early responses to treatment with low to moderate doses of steroids and a lower initial response in patients with elevated ESR. Design and sample size are insufficient to identify statistically significant associations.

Key words:
Polymyalgia rheumatica
glucocorticoid
rheumatoid arthritis
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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