Communication strategies in intensive care units: ISOBAR and SPIKES

Medina Gamero, A.; Regalado Chamorro, M.; Pizarro Moncada, C.

doi:10.1016/j.redare.2021.05.003

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Medina Gamero, M. Regalado Chamorro, C. Pizarro Moncada" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Medina Gamero" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "medrafa222@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Regalado Chamorro" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Pizarro Moncada" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Estrategias de comunicación en las unidades de cuidados intensivos: ISOBAR y SPIKES" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "Communication and teamwork are fundamental tools to increase satisfaction and manage disease progression by improving adherence to treatment in the patient and their family. Both these elements help motivate, diagnose, and cure critically ill patients.One of the greatest concerns facing family members is the patient’s state of health and the medical treatment they receive in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This is why communication must be both therapeutic and effective at the personal and family level.Various information handover techniques have been developed for this purpose, such as briefing, in which the care plan is quickly and effectively communicated, and debriefing, in which the attending physician reports on the treatment administered in the ICU. Staff attitudes to the handover of information will enhance the care process. Family members can also play an important role in treatment by transmitting positive emotions that mitigate the patient’s suffering at being separated from their family and indirectly help improve the patient’s health<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a>.Given the importance of communication, ICU specialists must possess the verbal and procedural skills and practical knowledge required in specific situations, such as intubation and patient resuscitation. It is, therefore, of the utmost importance to implement specific guidelines for informing patients about their medical treatment and delivering bad news.The first patient care tool in the ICU is the ISOBAR (identify–situation–observations–background–agreed plan–read back) information handover checklist. Communication can also be improved by implementing new patient-family support practices. For example, hospital staff should consider using telecommunications for this purpose, and appoint a social worker, nurse or other staff member to mediate between the patient and their family by placing telephone calls to the relatives of each patient in the ICU<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a>. Video calls using digital applications can mitigate loneliness by allowing patients to both hear and see their family member. Another useful tool is the ICU diary, in which staff and family members write down observations and anecdotes concerning the patient<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a>.The second strategy is the SPIKES (setting – patient’s perception – invitation – knowledge – exploring/empathy – strategy/summary) protocol for delivering confidential information in an organized manner in an appropriate environment<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">4</a>.In summary, appropriate verbal skills can be acquired and effective communication achieved using protocol-based communication strategies complemented by telephone calls, video calls and ICU diaries. This can reduce the anxiety and stress associated with hospital care and improve decision-making when delivering bad news to the patient.FundingThere are no public or private sources of fundingConflict of interestsThe authors have no conflict of interest to declare." 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Garcia-Vivar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfi.2019.11.004" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Enferm Intensiva" "fecha" => "2021" "volumen" => "32" "paginaInicial" => "18" "paginaFinal" => "36" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Relación enfermera-familia. Más allá de la apertura de puertas y horarios" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "C. Duque-Ortiz" 1 => "M.M. Arias-Valencia" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfi.2019.09.003" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Enferm Intensiva" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "31" "paginaInicial" => "192" "paginaFinal" => "202" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Aprendizaje de la seguridad asistencial en medicina intensiva" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "C. Ruiz Balart" 1 => "D. Zúñiga Parada" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:2 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "ARS Med" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "45" "paginaInicial" => "35" "paginaFinal" => "47" ] ] 1 => array:1 [ "WWW" => array:1 [ "link" => "https://arsmedica.cl/index.php/MED/article/view/1703" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Características clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 en España: resultados del Registro SEMI-COVID-19" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.M. Casas-Rojo" 1 => "J.M. Antón-Santos" 2 => "J. Millán-Núñez-Cortés" 3 => "C. Lumbreras-Bermejo" 4 => "J.M. Ramos-Rincón" 5 => "E. Roy-Vallejo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2020.07.003" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clín Esp" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "220" "paginaInicial" => "480" "paginaFinal" => "494" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33994573" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/23411929/0000006900000003/v1_202204280534/S2341192922000543/v1_202204280534/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "66474" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letter to the Director" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23411929/0000006900000003/v1_202204280534/S2341192922000543/v1_202204280534/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341192922000543?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

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Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (REDAR) -the Spanish Journal of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation- is the scientific body of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Pain Therapy. This is a monthly journal (10 issues) that publishes scientific articles of all areas within its specialty: clinical anesthesia, resuscitation-intensive medicine and critical care, diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic pain, urgent care and emergencies and studies on basic science and related fields. The journal accepts work in both Spanish and English.

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Vol. 69. Issue 3.

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