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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología Métodos de análisis del polietileno en la investigación del material y su apl...
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Vol. 49. Issue 1.
Pages 68-74 (January 2005)
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Vol. 49. Issue 1.
Pages 68-74 (January 2005)
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Métodos de análisis del polietileno en la investigación del material y su aplicación en artroplastias
Methods of analysis of polyethylene in materials research and its use in joint prostheses
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E. Gómez-Barrenaa,
Corresponding author
egomez@fjd.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2. 28040 Madrid.
, J.A. Puértolasb
a Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Departamento de Cirugía de la Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid
b Cirugía Ortopédica Centro Politécnico Superior de la Universidad de Zaragoza. Zaragoza
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Introducción

El polietileno de ultra-alto peso molecular (UHMWPE) es el material más utilizado como interposición en la mayoría de los sistemas de artroplastia total. Su desgaste y fractura propició gran controversia durante los últimos años, por lo que los centros de investigación y la industria profundizaron en su análisis a la búsqueda de mecanismos de fallo y mejoras del material.

Revisión de la bibliografía

En la revisión presentada, se han recogido diferentes técnicas para caracterizar mejor el polietileno utilizado en implantes ortopédicos. En los diferentes grupos de técnicas, algunas ofrecen datos más básicos y generales, mientras otras, las experimentales, son fases terminales de un estudio concreto, previos al ensayo clínico. Lógicamente, el diseño de un estudio de investigación requiere precisar unos objetivos y situar las técnicas más apropiadas para verificar si existen o no las diferencias que plantea la hipótesis.

Conclusiones

Se presentan los análisis utilizados para progresar en el conocimiento del polietileno utilizado en cirugía ortopédica. Esta visión también puede servir para que la propuesta de nuevos materiales tenga una investigación sistemática, evitando las aproximaciones ensayo-error que, si bien han permitido grandes avances en el pasado, hoy serían difícilmente aceptables.

Palabras clave:
polietileno
artroplastias
desgaste
biomateriales
Introduction

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is the most common bearing material used in joint replacement systems. Its wear and fracture have given rise to controversy in the past, motivating research and industrial centers to carry out a thorough analysis of the material in search of failure mechanisms and ways to improve the material.

Literature review

Different techniques for characterizing the polyethylene used in orthopedic implants are reviewed. Among the different groups of techniques, some obtain more basic and general data while more experimental techniques obtain information in the final stage of specific studies preceding the clinical trial. Logically, the design of a research study requires the establishment of objectives and the use of the most appropriate techniques for verifying whether the differences proposed by the hypothesis exist or not.

Conclusions

The analyses used to advance our understanding of the polyethylene used in Orthopedic Surgery are presented. This approach is also useful for the systematic investigation of new materials, avoiding trial and error approaches that, although they made major advances possible in the past, would now be unacceptable.

Key words:
polyethylene
arthroplasties
wear
biomaterials
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Bibliografía
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Copyright © 2005. Sociedad Española de Cirugia Ortopédica y Traumatología (SECOT)
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