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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (English Edition) Acute compartment syndrome of the foot
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Vol. 55. Issue 3.
Pages 235-240 (May - June 2011)
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Vol. 55. Issue 3.
Pages 235-240 (May - June 2011)
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Acute compartment syndrome of the foot
Síndrome compartimental agudo en el pie
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A. Dalmau-Coll
Corresponding author
antoniodalmau@aol.es

Corresponding author.
, R. Franco-Gómez, D. Codina-Granó, J. Vega-García
Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Unidad de Pie y Tobillo, Hospital ASEPEYO, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract

Acute and post-traumatic compartment syndrome of the foot is typically associated with mechanisms of high-energy, multiple foot fractures, particularly those caused by crushing or trapping. Early diagnosis and treatment in view of the suspicion of an acute compartment syndrome in a traumatic foot will help prevent the effects of myoneural necrosis. Even though there are various methods of compartment pressure monitoring, the diagnosis is mainly clinical. Prophylaxis is essential and the best treatment is to prevent the development of this syndrome. To achieve this a correct clinical history and initial examination is needed, with special care in the nerve, vascular and muscle evaluation. Surgical decompression using fasciotomy must be urgent and will be mandatory to prevent the severe sequelae. Delayed treatment can have disastrous consequences, such as contracture and paralysis, infection, and sometimes amputation.

Keywords:
Acute compartment syndrome
Ischaemic contracture
Myoneural ischemia
Foot fasciotomy
Resumen

El síndrome compartimental agudo (SCA) o postraumático en el pie se asocia típicamente a mecanismos de alta energía, pies polifracturados, aplastamientos o atrapamientos. El diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz ante la sospecha de un SCA en un pie traumático ayudará a prevenir las secuelas de la necrosis mioneural. Aunque existen diversos métodos de monitorización de la presión compartimental, su diagnóstico es fundamentalmente clínico. La profilaxis es fundamental y el mejor tratamiento es prevenir el desarrollo de este síndrome. Para ello, es necesario de una correcta historia clínica y exploración inicial, con especial interés en dejar reflejada la exploración neurológica, vascular y muscular. La descompresión quirúrgica, mediante fasciotomías, debe ser urgente y será clave para evitar la instauración de graves secuelas. El retraso en el tratamiento puede tener consecuencias desastrosas, como la contractura, parálisis o infección, que en ocasiones pueden requerir la amputación.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome compartimental agudo
Contractura isquémica
Isquemia mioneural
Fasciotomías pie
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Presentation given at the EFORT SECOT Conference.

Copyright © 2011. Sociedad Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (SECOT). All rights reserved
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