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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (English Edition) Atlanto-axial Chronic Rotational Subluxation
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Vol. 51. Issue 3.
Pages 152-157 (May - June 2007)
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Vol. 51. Issue 3.
Pages 152-157 (May - June 2007)
Case reports
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Atlanto-axial Chronic Rotational Subluxation
Subluxación rotatoria crónica atlanto-axial
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J.L. González-López
Corresponding author
jgonzalezlo.hgugm@salud.madrid.org

Corresponding author: Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. C/ Doctor Esquerdo, 46. 28007 Madrid.
, O. Riquelme-García, F.J. Soleto-Martín
Department of Pediatric Orthopedics. Departament of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery and Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery.Gregorio Marañón University Hospital. Madrid
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Introduction

Atlanto-axial rotational subluxation, a relatively common condition in pediatric patients, is normally secondary to traumatic inflammatory processes and is favored by the great degree of cervical mobility in children. If untreated, the condition may become chronic and result in a fixed cervical deformity whose diagnosis and treatment may pose a significant challenge. Only a few series have been published, all of them containing a small number of cases and there is an absence of definite criteria for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Clinical cases

Three cases are presented of atlanto-axial chronic rotational subluxation treated over a 15-year period. Ages at presentation were 9.7 and 16 year. In all patients, the same protocols, both diagnostic (x-rays, CT-scan and MRi in one case) and therapeutic (gradual halo traction until reduction was confirmed by a CT-scan and halo cast immobilization) were used. In one case full reduction was not achieved and, consequently, a C1-C2 posterior arthrodesis was performed.

Results

All three patients had a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Patients not subjected to arthrodesis showed a satisfactory clinical situation and normal cervical motion; the remaining patient had slight torticollis with somewhat limited cervical rotation. There have been no relapses.

Conclusions

Atlanto-axial chronic rotational subluxation is a condition with severe and painful repercussions for the patient and whose management poses serious challenges. In our series, all cases were treated following the same protocol: progressive cranial traction and halo cast immobilization. Complete reduction was achieved, while in the remaining one the reduction achieved was only partial, which made it necessary to perform a C1-C2 posterior arthrodesis. As the literature does not provide hard-and-fast treatment criteria, we suggest possible protocols for action.

Key words:
atlanto-axial rotational subluxation
rotational fixation
torticollis
halo traction
Introducción

La subluxación rotatoria atlantoaxial es relativamente frecuente en pacientes pediátricos, habitualmente secundaria a procesos inflamatorios o traumáticos, y favorecida por la gran movilidad cervical infantil. En pacientes no tratados puede cronificarse, produciendo una deformidad cervical fija de difícil diagnóstico y tratamiento. Hay escasas series publicadas, todas ellas con pocos casos, no existiendo criterios definidos para su diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Casos clínicos

Se presentan tres casos de subluxación rotatoria crónica atlanto-axial tratados en un período de 15 años. Las edades de presentación fueron 9,7 y 16 años. En todos se siguió el mismo protocolo diagnóstico (radiografías, tomografía axial computarizada, en un caso resonancia magnética nuclear y terapéutico: tracción progresiva con halo hasta la reducción comprobada por tomografía axial computarizada e inmovilización con halo-yeso; en 1 caso no se consiguió la reducción completa, por lo que se hizo una artrodesis posterior C1-C2.

Resultados

Los tres pacientes tienen un seguimiento mínimo de 2 años, con una buena situación clínica y movilidad cervical normal en los no artrodesados; el otro paciente presenta una ligera actitud en tortícolis con una leve limitación de la rotación cervical. No ha habido recidiva del cuadro.

Conclusiones

La subluxación rotatoria crónica atlantoaxial es una afección rara, que implica graves repercusiones funcionales y dolorosas para el paciente, siendo su manejo dificultoso; en esta serie, se trataron todos los casos siguiendo el mismo protocolo: tracción craneal progresiva e inmovilización con halo-yeso, obteniéndose una reducción completa en 2 casos e incompleta en uno, por lo que se efectuó artrodesis posterior C1-C2; en la literatura no existen criterios unificados de tratamiento, por lo que se proponen protocolos de actuación.

Palabras clave:
subluxación rotatoria atlanto-axial
fijación rotatoria
tortícolis
tracción halo
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Copyright © 2007. Sociedad Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (SECOT). All rights reserved
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