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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (English Edition) Atlantoaxial Screw Fixation (Magerl's technique)
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Vol. 52. Issue 4.
Pages 243-249 (July - August 2008)
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Vol. 52. Issue 4.
Pages 243-249 (July - August 2008)
Review article
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Atlantoaxial Screw Fixation (Magerl's technique)
Atornillado transarticular C1/2 (técnica de Magerl)
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D. Grob
Corresponding author
dieter.grob@kws.ch

Schulthess Clinic. Spine Center. Lengghalde 2. CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland.
Schulthess Clinic. Spine Center. Zürich. Switzerland
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The goal pursued by atlantoaxial arthrodesis is the elimination of any motion of the atlas and axis bones with respect to each other. The screw fixation procedure described by Magerl leads to higher stability rates than conventional posterior arthrodesis techniques. The greater stability afforded by C1/C2 screws makes it possible to perform short fusions, e.g. between the occipital bone and C2, whereas with other techniques fixation must be extended up to C4/5 in order to obtain a satisfactory lever arm.

In this study, we used transarticular screw fixation in order to stabilize a series of 54 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, who presented with atlantoaxial instability. They were studied retrospectively with a mean follow-up of 6 years (range: 2-13 years). The pain score on examination, as assessed by means of the Visual Analog Scale (0-10), was 2, as compared with a preoperative score of 6. Seventy-nine percent of patients stated that they would subject themselves to the same surgical procedure if they found themselves in the same situation; 16% were not sure as to whether they would or would not and 5% said that they would not. Seventy-eight percent of patients declared themselves highly satisfied with the result obtained; 18% found the result satisfactory and 3% declared themselves dissatisfied with the result obtained.

Atlantoaxial arthrodesis is indicated in the event of instability. Clinically, instability can manifest itself as persistent pain or as myelopathy, resulting from repetitive microtrauma to the spinal cord. Conventional fusion techniques, based on the use of wires, are simple to perform but lead to considerable rates of pseudoarthrosis, particularly in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Transarticular atlantoaxial screw fixation provides higher rates of stability and reduces the rate of pseudoarthrosis. Placement of the screws requires a detailed anatomical study, especially of the C2 pars interarticularis, through CT- or NMRi-scans. The surgical technique is rather challenging, but leads to a low rate of complications.

Key words:
cervical spine fusion
C1/C2 fusion
rheumatoid arthritis
cervical spine

El objetivo de la artrodesis entre el atlas y el axis es eliminar el movimiento relativo entre ambos. El atornillado descrito por Magerl muestra una estabilidad superior a las técnicas de artrodesis posterior convencionales. El aumento de la estabilidad proporcionado por los tornillos C1/C2 nos permite efectuar fusiones cortas, por ejemplo entre el occipital y C2, mientras que con otras técnicas es necesario prolongar la fijación hasta C4/5 para conseguir un brazo de palanca suficiente.

Hemos estabilizado mediante un atornillado transarticular una serie de 54 pacientes con artritis reumatoide, que presentaban una inestabilidad entre el atlas y el axis. Fueron estudiados de forma retrospectiva, con un seguimiento medio de 6 (2-13) años. El dolor en el momento de la revisión, valorado mediante la escala visual analógica (0-10) fue de 2, en comparación con un valor de 6 en el preoperatorio.

El 79% de los pacientes respondió que volvería a repetir el procedimiento quirúrgico si se encontrase en la misma situación, el 16% no se mostró seguro en la respuesta a esta pregunta y el 5% respondió negativamente. El 78% de los pacientes se declaró muy satisfecho con el resultado obtenido; el 18% indicó que el resultado era satisfactorio y el 3% no se mostró contento con el resultado obtenido.

La artrodesis entre el atlas y el axis está indicada cuando existe una inestabilidad. Clínicamente, la inestabilidad puede manifestarse como un dolor persistente o como una mielopatía, consecuencia de un microtraumatismo repetitivo sobre la médula. Las técnicas de fusión convencionales, mediante alambres, son sencillas de efectuar pero comportan una considerable tasa de pseudoartrosis, en particular en condiciones desfavorables, como ocurre en la artritis reumatoide. El atornillado transarticular entre el atlas y el axis proporciona una estabilidad superior y disminuye la tasa de pseudoartrosis. La colocación de los tornillos requiere de un minucioso estudio anatómico, en particular de los istmos de C2, mediante cortes de tomografía axial computarizada o resonancia magnética nuclear. La técnica quirúrgica es delicada, pero presenta una baja tasa de complicaciones.

Palabras clave:
fusión columna cervical
fusión C1/2
artritis reumática columna cervical
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Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (SECOT). All rights reserved
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