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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (English Edition) Halo-vest Treatment of Odontoid Fractures
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Vol. 51. Issue 5.
Pages 256-263 (September - October 2007)
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Vol. 51. Issue 5.
Pages 256-263 (September - October 2007)
Original papers
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Halo-vest Treatment of Odontoid Fractures
Tratamiento de las fracturas de odontoides con halo-chaleco
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J.S. Escala
Corresponding author
jsescalaarnau@hotmail.com

Corresponding author: Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Joan XXIII. C/ Doctor Mallafré i Guasch, 4. 43007 Tarragona. Spain.
, R. Huguet, A. Marsol, J. Ballabriga, J. Giné
Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery. Joan XXIII University Hospital. Tarragona. Spain
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Purpose

Treatment of odontoid fractures is controversial and there is no single therapeutic method that is universally accepted. The purpose of this paper is to retrospectively review odontoid fractures treated orthopedically with a halovest.

Materials and methods

Eighteen patients were retrospectively studied who presented with an odontoid fracture; fractures were treated between 1987 and 2001 by means of a halo vest.

Mean age was 38 years (range 16-75 years). Mean followup was 5 years (range: 1-15 years). The most usual mechanism of injury (11 cases) was a road accident. Eight of the fractures were type III and 3 were type II according to Anderson and D’Alonzo's classification.

In all cases but three, a standard and CT-scan imaging study was performed. Incorporation was documented by means of plain x-rays and tomographs (in some cases CT-scans were used). Pain, cervical mobility, return to previous activities and neurological status were assessed using the Smiley-Webster scale.

Results

Global incorporation rate was 89% (16 cases). In 9 cases (50%) results were excellent, in 4 (22%) they were good, in 3 (16.6%) they were fair and in 2 (11%) poor. Results were good in 6 cases of type II fractures (60%) and 7 cases of type III fractures (87.5%). In 7 cases it was possible to improve reduction by an average 6 mm. In two cases, initial displacement until incorporation increased by 2 mm. Poor results (11.1%) resulted from treatment failure and required a posterior cervical arthrodesis performed with Brooks and Gallie's technique. In 2 of the 5 patients over 60 (40%), treatment failed and a surgical procedure was required to stabilize the fracture. The most significant complications were 5 cases of halo loosening (27.7%), one case of a sensory nerve neuroma and one case of secondary post-traumatic syringomyelia.

Conclusions

Orthopedic treatment with a halo-vest allowed us to reduce and stabilize odontoid fractures up to incorporation in 89% of cases, with 66.5% of good results.

Key words:
cervical spine
odontoid fracture
halo-vest
Objetivo

El tratamiento de las fracturas de odontoides es controvertido, y no existe un único método terapéutico universalmente aceptado. El objetivo del presente trabajo es revisar retrospectivamente las fracturas de odontoides tratadas ortopédicamente con halo-chaleco.

Material y método

Se estudiaron retrospectivamente 18 pacientes que presentaron una fractura de odontoides y que fueron tratadas en el período 1987-2001 mediante halo-chaleco. La edad media fue de 38 años (rango 16-75 años). El seguimiento medio fue de 5 años (rango 1-15 años). El mecanismo lesional más frecuente fue, en 11 casos, el accidente de tráfico. Según la clasificación de Anderson y D’Alonzo, en 8 casos la fractura fue del tipo III y en 10 casos del tipo II. En todos los casos se realizó un estudio radiográfico estándar y mediante tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) (excepto en 3 casos). La consolidación se documentó mediante radiografía y tomografía simple (en algunos casos mediante TAC). Según la escala de Smiley-Webster, se evaluó: el dolor, la movilidad cervical, el retorno a la actividad y la situación neurológica.

Resultados

La tasa global de consolidación fue del 89% (16 casos). En 9 casos se obtuvieron resultados excelentes (50%); en 4, buenos (22,2%); en 3, regulares (16,6%); y en 2, malos (11,1%). Se obtuvieron buenos resultados en 6 casos de fracturas del tipo II (60%) y en 7 casos del tipo III (87,5%). En 7 casos se consiguió mejorar la reducción una media de 6 mm. En 2 casos el desplazamiento inicial hasta la consolidación aumentó 2 mm. Los malos resultados, por fracaso del tratamiento, precisaron de artrodesis cervical posterior mediante la técnica de Brooks y Gallie (11,1%). En 2 de los cinco pacientes mayores de 60 años (40%) fracasó el tratamiento y se precisó de intervención quirúrgica para estabilizar la fractura. Entre las complicaciones más importantes destacaron 5 casos de aflojamiento del halo (27,7%), un caso de neuroma sensitivo y un caso de siringomielia postraumática secundaria.

Conclusiones

El tratamiento ortopédico con halo-chaleco nos ha permitido reducir y estabilizar la fractura de odontoides hasta la consolidación en el 89% de los casos, obteniendo un 66,5% de buenos resultados.

Palabras clave:
columna cervical
fractura de odontoides
halo-chaleco
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Copyright © 2007. Sociedad Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (SECOT). All rights reserved
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