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Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (English Edition)
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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (English Edition) Determination of serum levels of cobalt and chromium in 17 patients undergoing m...
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Vol. 52. Issue 2.
Pages 77-83 (March - April 2008)
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Vol. 52. Issue 2.
Pages 77-83 (March - April 2008)
Original paper
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Determination of serum levels of cobalt and chromium in 17 patients undergoing metal-on-metal THR
Determinación de los niveles en suero de cobalto y cromo en 17 pacientes tras el implante de una prótesis total de cadera con par metal-metal
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J.V. Pardo-Llopis
Corresponding author
jvpardollopis@yahoo.es

Corresponding author: Francesc de Borja Hospital. Passeig Germaníes, 71. 46700 Gandía. Valencia.
, J.C. Martínez-Algarra, F. Sendra-Miralles, E. Palomares-Talens
Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Department. Francesc de Borja Hospital. Gandia. Valencia
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Article information
Purpose

To assess cobalt and chromium concentrations in serum and urine in 17 patients that underwent total hip replacement (THR) with a metal-on-metal bearing and to determine their correlation with radiographical findings.

Materials and methods

Cobalt and chromium concentrations were measured in 17 patients by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry before implantation of a metal-on-metal THR, between the first and second year post-op and between the third and fourth year post-op. Cobalt and chromium concentrations in urine were also determined at the end of follow-up. The post-op radiological study was compared with that carried out at the end of follow-up. Mean patient age was 57±6 years and mean follow-up was 31±9 months.

Results

Mean cobalt concentration did not rise during the first and second year post-op with respect to the mean preop concentration, but it did increase between the third and fourth year. Mean chromium concentration rose between the first and second year and they went on to drop slightly between the third and fourth year post-op. No relationship was found between the appearance of radiolucent lines or a varus or valgus position of the stem and the cobalt and chromium levels in serum and urine. Eighty-five percent of cups with an inclination > 56° showed cobalt and chromium concentrations in serum in excess of the mean pre-op value.

Conclusions

The increase in mean serum cobalt and chromium concentrations detected in our study was lower than that shown by other authors. This increase occurred mainly between the first and second year post-op. The series under study shows that the more vertically the cup is placed the higher the cobalt and chromium levels present.

Key words:
total hip replacement
metal-on-metal bearing
metal ions
cobalt
chromium
Objetivo

Valorar los niveles de cobalto y cromo en suero y orina en 17 pacientes tras el implante de una prótesis total de cadera (PTC) con par de fricción metal-metal y su correlación con los hallazgos radiológicos.

Material y método

Se determinaron en 17 pacientes, mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica, las concentraciones de cobalto y cromo en suero antes de la implantación de una PTC metal-metal, entre el primer y segundo año, y entre el tercer y cuarto año tras la intervención, y las concentraciones de cobalto y cromo en orina al final del seguimiento. Se comparó el estudio radiológico postoperatorio con el realizado al final de seguimiento. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 57±6 años, y el tiempo medio de seguimiento de 31±9 meses.

Resultados

La concentración media de cobalto no se elevó durante el primer y segundo año tras la intervención respecto a la concentración media preoperatoria, y sí lo hizo entre el tercer y cuarto año. La concentración media de cromo se elevó durante el primer y segundo año, para descender ligeramente entre el tercer y cuarto año tras la intervención. No se evidenció ninguna relación entre la aparición de líneas de radiolucencia o la colocación del vástago en varo o valgo con los niveles de cobalto y cromo en suero y orina. El 85% de los cotilos con una inclinación superior a 56° presentaron concentraciones de cobalto y cromo en suero por encima de la media preoperatoria.

Conclusiones

El incremento de las concentraciones medias de cobalto y cromo en suero detectado en nuestra serie fue menor respecto a otros estudios. Este incremento se produjo principalmente entre el primer y segundo año tras la intervención. En la serie estudiada se aprecia un incremento de los niveles de cobalto y cromo en relación con la verticalización del cotilo.

Palabras clave:
prótesis total de cadera
par de fricción metal-metal
iones metálicos
cobalto
cromo
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Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (SECOT). All rights reserved
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