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Inicio Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología Comprehensive geriatric assessment of older patients and associated factors of a...
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Vol. 57. Issue 5.
Pages 250-256 (September - October 2022)
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Vol. 57. Issue 5.
Pages 250-256 (September - October 2022)
Original article
Comprehensive geriatric assessment of older patients and associated factors of admission to Emergency Departments in pre-covid 19 Era – A Portuguese study
Valoración geriátrica integral de pacientes mayores y factores asociados de frecuentación en servicios de urgencias en la era pre-COVID-19 – Un estudio portugués
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Isabel Pulidoa,b,
Corresponding author
ipv.machado@ensp.unl.pt

Corresponding author.
, Carla Nunesb,c, Amália Botelhod, Manuel Lopese, Sónia Martinsf, Luis Tomég, Francisco Dinish, Paulo Botob,i
a Consultant Physician in Internal Medicine, Emergency Department, Hospital Santa Maria, Portugal
b Public Health Research Centre, NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
c Associate Professor of Statistics and Member of the Public Health Research Centre (CISP/UNL), Portugal
d Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine, Researcher in the Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS/FCM), Portugal
e Coordinating Professor, Department of Nursing, University of Évora, Researcher in the Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Portugal
f Integrated Researcher in the Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) and the Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Portugal
g Registered Nurse, Masters in Critical Care, Charge Nurse in CHULN Central Emergency Department, Portugal
h Emergency Department Social Worker, Hospital Santa Maria, Portugal
i Assistant Professor, Department of Health Systems Policy and Management and Member of the Public Health Research Centre (CISP/UNL), Portugal
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Abstract
Objectives

Identifying frequent users’ (≥3admissions/year) associated factors in an emergency department (ED), using a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), describing the characteristics of patients over 65 years of age.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed between August 2017 and June 2018 in an ED in Lisbon, Portugal. CGA was applied and completed with clinical records. Clinical, functional, mental and social scores were created based in Portuguese Society of Internal Medicine, and a statistical model was developed.

Results

CGA was applied to 426 patients over 64 years old in an ED. The mean age was 79.3, 84.7% had multimorbidity. 51.2%, 75.6%, and 40% had dependence on basic, instrumental, and walking activities, respectively. 52% had depressive symptoms, 65.7% had cognitive impairment, 63% were undernourished/at risk for malnutrition. 33.1% were socially at risk. Polypharmacy was present with a use on average of 6.5 drugs daily. Social, clinical, functional, and mental scores were unfavourable in 48.6%, 79.6%, 54.9% and 83.1% of the population, respectively. There were 2.7 hospital admissions/year and 39.9% were frequent ED users (≥3/year). The logistic regression model was weak, but showed that patients with polypharmacy, elevated Charlson Comorbidity index and an impairment nutritional status presented higher risk of being frequent users.

Conclusions

This study showed that 97.1% of patients had needs that would justify an interventional care plan. This intervention should be extended to primary care and nursing homes. While not providing a robust model, our study has indicated nutritional problems, polypharmacy, and an elevated Charlson index as the features with more weight in frequent users’ admissions.

Keywords:
Frequent users
Comprehensive geriatric assessment
Emergency department
Older patients
Functional assessment
Resumen
Objetivos

Identificar factores asociados con usuarios frecuentadores (≥ 3 ingresos/año) en un departamento de urgencias (DU), mediante valoración geriátrica integral (VGI) y describir las características de los pacientes mayores de 65 años que acuden a urgencias.

Métodos

El estudio transversal se realizó entre agosto del 2017 y junio del 2018 en un DU de Lisboa, Portugal. Se realizó una VGI además de la historia clínica. Se crearon scores clínicos, funcionales, mentales, sociales, basándose en el protocolo de cuestionario del grupo de geriatría de la Sociedad Portuguesa de Medicina Interna y se desarrolló un modelo estadístico para identificar los factores asociados con la alta frecuentación.

Resultados

Se realizó una VGI a 426 usuarios mayores de un DU. La edad media fue de 79,3 años, siendo 53,8% mujeres con un 84,7% de multimorbilidad, 51,2% de dependencia de las actividades básicas (Katz), 75,6% instrumentales (Lawton < 5 en mujeres, < 3 hombres y 40% de dependencia de la marcha (Holden). El 52% tenían síntomas depresivos (Yesavage), 65,7% tenían deterioro cognitivo (MMSE < 24), 63% estaban desnutridos/en riesgo de desnutrición (MNA < 23,5). El 33,1% estaba en riesgo social (Gijón, APGAR familiar). La polifarmacia con el uso de un promedio de 6,5 medicamentos al día. Los scores sociales, clínicos, funcionales y mentales fueron adversos en el 48,6, 79,6, 54,9 y 83,1%, respectivamente. Hubo 2,7 admisiones/año y el 39,9% eran usuarios frecuentes de DU (≥ 3/año). Un modelo de regresión logística fue débil, pero mostró que los pacientes con polifarmacia, índice de comorbilidad de Charlson elevado y un estado nutricional adverso presentaban mayor riesgo de ser usuarios frecuentes.

Conclusiones

El 97,1% de los pacientes tenían necesidades que justificarían un plan de intervención específico. Si bien no proporciona un modelo sólido, nuestro estudio ha indicado problemas nutricionales, polifarmacia y un índice de Charlson elevado, como las características que se asocian con ser frecuentador del Servicio de Urgencias.

Palabras clave:
Usuarios frecuentes
Valoración geriátrica integral
Departamento de emergencia
Pacientes mayores
Evaluación funcional

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