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Inicio Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología Increase in hospital care at the end of life: Retrospective analysis of the last...
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Vol. 59. Issue 3.
(May - June 2024)
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Vol. 59. Issue 3.
(May - June 2024)
Original article
Increase in hospital care at the end of life: Retrospective analysis of the last 20 years of life of a cohort of patients
Incremento de la asistencia hospitalaria al final de la vida. Análisis retrospectivo de los últimos 20 años de vida de una cohorte de pacientes
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Alberto Jiménez-Puentea,c,d,
Corresponding author
, María Dolores Martín-Escalanteb, Francisco Martos-Pérezb, Javier García-Alegríab,c,d
a Hospital Costa del Sol, Unidad de Evaluación, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
b Hospital Costa del Sol, Área de Medicina Interna, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
c Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Marbella, Málaga, Spain
d IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Patterns of functional decline in the last years of life.
Table 2. Contacts with the hospital during the last three months of life according to pattern of functional decline.
Table 3. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of the dependent variables: hospital stays in the last 20 years of life and days in the hospital in the last three months of life.
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Abstract
Background

There is an increasing need for end-of-life care due to society's progressive aging. This study aimed to describe how hospitalizations evolve long-term and in the last months life of a cohort of deceased patients.

Methods

The study population were those who died in one year who lived in a district in southern Spain. The number of hospital stays over the previous 20 years and number of contacts with the emergency department, hospitalization, outpatient clinics, and medical day hospital in the last three months of life were determined. The analyses were stratified by age, sex, and pattern of functional decline.

Results

The study population included 1773 patients (82.5% of all who died in the district). The hospital stays during the last 20 years of life were concentrated in the last five years (66%) and specially in the last six months (32%). Eighty percent had contact with the hospital during their last three months of life. The older group had the minimun of stays over the last 20 years and contacts with the hospital in the last months of life.

Conclusions

The majority of hospitalizations occur at the end of life and these admissions represent a significant part of an acute-care hospital's activity. The progressive prolongation of life does not have to go necessarily along with a proportional increase in hospital stays.

Keywords:
End-of-life care
Terminal care
Mortality
Hospital care
Healthcare services
Resumen
Antecedentes

La necesidad de cuidados al final de la vida está en aumento debido al progresivo envejecimiento de la sociedad. El objetivo del estudio fue describir cómo evolucionan las hospitalizaciones a largo plazo y en los últimos meses de vida de una cohorte de pacientes fallecidos.

Metodología

La población a estudio fueron los fallecidos en un año residentes en un área hospitalaria del sur de España. Se calcularon las estancias en el hospital en los 20 años previos, y los contactos con urgencias, hospitalización, consultas y hospital de día en los últimos 3 meses de vida. Los análisis se estratificaron por edad, sexo y patrón de deterioro funcional.

Resultados

La población a estudio fue de 1.773 pacientes (82,5% de los fallecidos en el área). Las estancias hospitalarias durante los últimos 20 años de vida se concentraron en los 5 últimos años (66%) y en especial en los últimos 6 meses (32%). El 80% de los pacientes tuvieron contacto con el hospital durante sus últimos 3 meses. El grupo de más edad tuvo el mínimo de estancias a lo largo de los últimos 20 años y de contactos con el hospital en los últimos meses de vida.

Conclusiones

La mayoría de las hospitalizaciones se producen al final de la vida y suponen una parte importante de la actividad de un hospital de agudos. La prolongación de la vida no necesariamente ha de ir acompañada de un aumento proporcional de las estancias hospitalarias.

Palabras clave:
Cuidados al final de la vida
Cuidados terminales
Mortalidad
Atención hospitalaria
Servicios de salud

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