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Inicio Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología Influencia de un programa de entrenamiento con saltos en la fuerza explosiva, la...
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Vol. 42. Issue 4.
Pages 218-226 (July 2007)
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Vol. 42. Issue 4.
Pages 218-226 (July 2007)
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Influencia de un programa de entrenamiento con saltos en la fuerza explosiva, la velocidad de movimiento y el equilibrio dinámico de personas mayores
Influence of a training programme with jumps on explosive force, speed of movement and dynamic balance in the elderly
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Jhon Fredy Ramírez Villada
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jhon_f_ramirez@yahoo.es
mmammutt5@yahoo.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J.F Ramírez Villada. Facultad de Medicina. Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n. 14071 Córdoba. España.
, Marzzo Edir Da Silva, José Luis Lancho Alonso
Laboratorio de Ciencias Morfofuncionales del Deporte. Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Córdoba. Córdoba. España
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Resumen
Objetivo

Analizar la influencia de los saltos en la fuerza explosiva, la velocidad-agilidad y el equilibrio dinámico en una muestra de personas mayores, varones.

Material y métodos

El estudio fue conducido durante 24 semanas en Córdoba (España) en un grupo de participantes de un programa de gimnasia, con una edad media de 69,2 ± 5,1 años, divididos en 3 grupos: 45 varones grupo experimental (Em), 48 varones grupo control (Cm) y 45 mujeres grupo control (Cfem). El Em realizó 2 sesiones por semana, durante 22 semanas, de saltos continuos verticales y horizontales. Se aplicó las pruebas de salto (plataforma de rayos AFR Technology®), de velocidad-agilidad y de equilibrio dinámico, y pruebas antropométricas. Se estudió la relación entre variables con un nivel de significación p<0,05 (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%).

Resultados

Se observaron incrementos significativos (p<0,05) de las alturas generadas en las diferentes pruebas de salto, una disminución significativa (p<0,05) del tiempo medio en la prueba de velocidad-agilidad y ningún cambio significativo para la prueba de equilibrio dinámico en el Em. El grupo Cm reveló un deterioro de la fuerza (−0,49% y −2,48%) y la velocidad de desplazamiento (p<0,05), sin cambios significativos para la prueba de equilibrio dinámico. En Cfem se observó merma en la capacidad de desplazamiento y equilibrio dinámico.

Conclusiones

Estos resultados revelan una influencia significativa del programa de actividad física empleado sobre el incremento de la fuerza explosiva generada por los miembros inferiores, el mantenimiento del equilibrio dinámico y el aumento de la velocidad en varones.

Palabras clave:
Entrenamiento
Fuerza
Mayores
Equilibrio
Velocidad
Abstract
Objective

To analyze the influence of a training programme with jumps on explosive force, speed-agility and dynamic balance in a sample of elderly men.

Material and methods

A 24-week study was carried out in Cordoba (Spain) in participants with a mean age of 69.2±5.1 years divided into three groups: an experimental group with 45 men, a male control group with 48 men and a female control group with 45 women. The experimental group underwent two training sessions per week for 22 weeks; sessions comprised continuous vertical and horizontal jumping. The following tests were performed: jump test (using an AFR Technology® IR platform), speed-agility test, dynamic balance test, and anthropometric tests. The association between variables was studied with a significance level of P<.05 (95% CI).

Results

The experimental group showed a significant increase (P<.05) in jump test heights, a significant decrease (P<.05) in mean time in the speed-agility test and no significant change in dynamic balance. The male control group showed a decrease in strength (−.49% and −2.48%) and in speed of movement (P<.05), but no significant change in dynamic balance. The female control group showed decreases in movement and in dynamic balance.

Conclusion

These results highlight the significant influence of the physical training programme tested on increasing lower-limb explosive force and speed of movement, while maintaining dynamic balance.

Key words:
Training
Strength
The elderly
Balance
Speed
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