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Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
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Inicio Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología La hipertensión arterial en la población anciana
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Vol. 43. Issue S2.
Francisco Guillén Llera: un gigante de la Geriatría
Pages 53-59 (October 2008)
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Vol. 43. Issue S2.
Francisco Guillén Llera: un gigante de la Geriatría
Pages 53-59 (October 2008)
Francisco Guillen Llera: un gigante de la geriatria
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La hipertensión arterial en la población anciana
Hypertension in the elderly population
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Cristina Sierraa,b, Alfonso López-Sotob, Antonio Cocaa
a Unidad de Hipertensión Arterial. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Clínic. Universidad de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
b Unidad de Geriatría de Agudos. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Clínic. Universidad de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
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Se estima que la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (HTA) en la población española de edad > 60 años es superior al 65%, a expensas principalmente de una elevación de la presión arterial sistólica. Es conocido que la HTA es el factor de riesgo más importante para el desarrollo de una enfermedad cardiovascular, y que ésta sigue siendo la primera causa de muerte en la población occidental. La necesidad de tratamiento de la HTA en la población anciana es un hecho ya ampliamente demostrado en numerosos ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y controlados con placebo, en los que el tratamiento antihipertensivo se asocia a una reducción del riesgo de presentar una complicación cardiovascular. Sin embargo, el tratamiento de la HTA en el anciano puede resultar una tarea complicada por la necesidad de tener presente en su manejo clínico una serie de características propias de este grupo de pacientes, como son una farmacocinética alterada, la comorbilidad o la polifarmacia. Por otra parte, aunque existen evidencias recientes del beneficio del tratamiento antihipertensivo en pacientes muy ancianos (> 85 años), una valoración geriátrica integral y el tratamiento individualizado es lo que debiera realizarse en nuestra práctica clínica habitual.

Palabras clave:
Hipertensión sistólica aislada
Envejecimiento
Comorbilidad

The prevalence of essential hypertension in the Spanish population aged more than 60 years old is greater than 65%, mainly due to the high prevalence of elevated systolic pressure. Essential hypertension is known to be the most important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, which continues to be the leading cause of death among adults in the developed world. Several randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial effects of antihypertensive treatment in hypertensive elderly people. However, the management of high blood pressure in the elderly population can be difficult due to a series of factors in this group such as altered pharmacokinetics, comorbidity, and polypharmacy. In addition, although there is recent evidence of the benefit of antihypertensive treatment in the oldest old (> 85 years), comprehensive geriatric assessment and individualized treatment should be applied in daily clinical practice.

Key words:
Isolated systolic hypertension
Ageing
Comorbidity
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Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
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