metricas
covid
Buscar en
Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
Toda la web
Inicio Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología La hipertensión arterial en la población anciana
Información de la revista
Vol. 43. Núm. S2.
Francisco Guillén Llera: un gigante de la Geriatría
Páginas 53-59 (octubre 2008)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 43. Núm. S2.
Francisco Guillén Llera: un gigante de la Geriatría
Páginas 53-59 (octubre 2008)
Francisco Guillen Llera: un gigante de la geriatria
Acceso a texto completo
La hipertensión arterial en la población anciana
Hypertension in the elderly population
Visitas
5440
Cristina Sierraa,b, Alfonso López-Sotob, Antonio Cocaa
a Unidad de Hipertensión Arterial. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Clínic. Universidad de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
b Unidad de Geriatría de Agudos. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Clínic. Universidad de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas

Se estima que la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (HTA) en la población española de edad > 60 años es superior al 65%, a expensas principalmente de una elevación de la presión arterial sistólica. Es conocido que la HTA es el factor de riesgo más importante para el desarrollo de una enfermedad cardiovascular, y que ésta sigue siendo la primera causa de muerte en la población occidental. La necesidad de tratamiento de la HTA en la población anciana es un hecho ya ampliamente demostrado en numerosos ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y controlados con placebo, en los que el tratamiento antihipertensivo se asocia a una reducción del riesgo de presentar una complicación cardiovascular. Sin embargo, el tratamiento de la HTA en el anciano puede resultar una tarea complicada por la necesidad de tener presente en su manejo clínico una serie de características propias de este grupo de pacientes, como son una farmacocinética alterada, la comorbilidad o la polifarmacia. Por otra parte, aunque existen evidencias recientes del beneficio del tratamiento antihipertensivo en pacientes muy ancianos (> 85 años), una valoración geriátrica integral y el tratamiento individualizado es lo que debiera realizarse en nuestra práctica clínica habitual.

Palabras clave:
Hipertensión sistólica aislada
Envejecimiento
Comorbilidad

The prevalence of essential hypertension in the Spanish population aged more than 60 years old is greater than 65%, mainly due to the high prevalence of elevated systolic pressure. Essential hypertension is known to be the most important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, which continues to be the leading cause of death among adults in the developed world. Several randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial effects of antihypertensive treatment in hypertensive elderly people. However, the management of high blood pressure in the elderly population can be difficult due to a series of factors in this group such as altered pharmacokinetics, comorbidity, and polypharmacy. In addition, although there is recent evidence of the benefit of antihypertensive treatment in the oldest old (> 85 years), comprehensive geriatric assessment and individualized treatment should be applied in daily clinical practice.

Key words:
Isolated systolic hypertension
Ageing
Comorbidity
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group.
National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group report on hypertension in the elderly, 23 (1993), pp. 275-285
[2.]
M.J. Domanski, B.R. Davis, M.A. Pfeffer, M. Kastantin, G.F. Mitchell.
Isolated systolic hypertension. Prognostic information provided by pulse pressure.
Hypertension, 34 (1999), pp. 375-380
[3.]
S. MacMahon, A. Rodgers.
The effects of blood pressure reduction in older patients: an overview of five randomized controlled trials in elderly hypertensives.
Clin Exp Hypertens, 15 (1993), pp. 967-978
[4.]
J.R. Banegas, F. Rodríguez-Artalejo, L.M. Ruilope, A. Graciano, M. Lique, J.J. De la Cruz, et al.
Hypertension magnitude and management in the elderly population of Spain.
J Hypertens, 20 (2002), pp. 2157-2164
[5.]
A. Coca.
Evolución del control de la hipertensión arterial en atención primaria en España. Resultados del estudio Controlpres 2003.
Hipertensión, 22 (2005), pp. 5-14
[6.]
J.R. Banegas, J.J. De la Cruz, F. Rodríguez-Artalejo, A. Graciani, P. Guallar, R. Herruzo.
Systolic vs. diastolic blood pressure: community burden and impact on blood pressure staging.
J Hum Hypertens, 16 (2002), pp. 163-167
[7.]
D.J. Hyman, V.N. Pavlik.
Characteristics of patients with uncontrolled hypertension in the United States.
N Engl J Med, 345 (2001), pp. 479-486
[8.]
W.B. Kannel.
Elevated systolic blood pressure as a cardiovascular risk factor.
Am J Cardiol, 85 (2000), pp. 251-255
[9.]
J.D. Neaton, D. Wentworth.
Serum cholesterol, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and death from coronary heart disease. Overall findings and differences by age for 319000 white men in the multiple risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT).
Arch Intern Med, 152 (1992), pp. 56-64
[10.]
SHEP Cooperative Research Group.
Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly program (SHEP).
JAMA, 265 (1991), pp. 3255-3264
[11.]
J.A. Staessen, R. Fagard, L. Thijs, H. Celis, G.G. Arabidzr, W.H. Birkenhäger, for the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators, et al.
Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension.
Lancet, 350 (1997), pp. 757-764
[12.]
L. Liu, J.G. Wang, L. Gong, G. Liu, J.A. Staessen.
Comparison of active treatment and placebo in older Chinese patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in China (Syst-China) Collaborative Group.
J Hypertens, 16 (1998), pp. 1823-1829
[13.]
J.A. Staessen, J.G. Wang, L. Thijs, R. Fagard.
Overview of the outcome trials in older patients with isolated systolic hypertension.
J Hum Hypertens, 13 (1999), pp. 859-863
[14.]
N.S. Beckett, R. Peters, A.E. Fletcher, J.A. Staessen, L. Liu, D. Dumitrascu, et al.
Treatment of hipertension in patients 80 years of age or older.
N Engl J Med, 358 (2008), pp. 1-12
[15.]
C. Sierra.
Hipertensión arterial en el anciano.
Cardiol Práct (Barc), 12 (2003), pp. 4-10
[16.]
P.K. Whelton, L.J. Appel, M.A. Espeland, for the TONE collaborative research group.
Sodium reduction and weight loss in the treatment of hypertension in older persons: a randomized controlled trial of nonpharmacologic interventions in the elderly (TONE).
JAMA, 279 (1998), pp. 839-846
[17.]
World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension 1999.
Guidelines for the management of hypertension.
J Hypertens, 17 (1999), pp. 151-183
[18.]
G. Mancia, G. De Backer, A. Dominiczak, et al.
2007 ESH-ESC Practice Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: ESH-ESC Task Force on the Management of Arterial Hypertension.
J Hypertens, 25 (2007), pp. 1751-1762
[19.]
L. Hansson, A. Zanchetti, S.G. Carruthers, et al.
Effects of intensve blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial.
Lancet, 351 (1998), pp. 1755-1762
[20.]
H. Senior, C.S. Anderson, M. Chen, B. Dahölf, D. Eimfeldt, S. Julius, et al.
Management of hypertension in the oldest old: a study in primary care in New Zealand.
Age Ageing, 35 (2006), pp. 178-182
[21.]
F. Gueyffier, C. Bilpitt, J.P. Boissel, E. Schron, T. Ekbon, R. Fagard, et al.
Antihypertensive drugs in very old people: a subgroup meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. INDANA Group.
Lancet, 353 (1999), pp. 793-796
[22.]
T. Van Bemmel, J. Gussekloo, R.G.J. Westendorp, G.J. Blauw.
In a population- based prospective study, no association between high blood pressure and mortality after age 85 years.
[23.]
C.J. Bulpitt, N.S. Beckett, J. Cooke, D.L. Dumistrascu, B. Gil-Extremera, C. Nachov, et al.
Results of the pilot study for the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial.
J Hypertens, 21 (2003), pp. 2409-2417
[24.]
A. Amery, W. Birkenhäger, P. Brixko, for the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure Research in the Elderly.
Mortality and morbidity results from the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly Trial.
Lancet, 1 (1985), pp. 1349-1354
[25.]
Medical Research Council Working Party.
Medical Research Council Trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: principal results.
BMJ, 304 (1992), pp. 405-412
[26.]
B. Dälhof, L.H. Lindholm, L. Hansson, B. Scherstén, T. Ekbom, P.O. Wester.
Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOP-Hypertension).
Lancet, 338 (1991), pp. 1281-1285
Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos

Quizás le interese:
10.1016/j.regg.2023.101426
No mostrar más