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Inicio Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología La risperidona en el tratamiento de los síntomas psicóticos y trastornos de la...
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Vol. 36. Issue 2.
Pages 94-101 (January 2001)
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Vol. 36. Issue 2.
Pages 94-101 (January 2001)
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La risperidona en el tratamiento de los síntomas psicóticos y trastornos de la conducta en pacientes con demencia
Risperidone treatment in dementia related bahavioural disturbances and psychotic symptoms
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20937
F. Veiga Fernández
,**
Corresponding author
fveiga@segg.org

Correspondencia: Servicio de Geriatría. Complexo Hospitalario Xeral-Calde. Severo Ochoa, s/n. 27004 Lugo. E-mail:
, M.L. Herraiz**, el Grupo para el Estudio de la Risperidona en la Demencia 1
* Servicio de Geriatría, Complexo Hospitalario Xeral-Calde. Lugo
** Janssen Research Foundation. Madrid
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Article information
RESUMEN
OBJETIVOS

Evaluar la eficacia, la dosis óptima y la seguridad de la risperidona en el tratamiento de los síntomas psicóticos y trastornos de conducta de los pacientes con demencia.

MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS

En un estudio abierto, observacional, multicéntrico y prospectivo, se incluyeron un total de 1.047 pacientes con demencia (criterios DSM-IV) con síntomas psicóticos y trastornos de conducta. Una vez considerados elegibles para tratamiento se inició tratamiento con risperidona (dosis media: 1,24 ± 0,84). La respuesta terapéutica fue evaluada mediante: Impresión Global Clínica (CGI), Miniexamen Cognoscitivo (MEC), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), e índice de Barthel, y los efectos secundarios con la subescala UKU para efectos secundarios neurológicos y la declaración espontanea para otros efectos adversos. Los pacientes fueron evaluados a la entrada en el estudio, al mes, a los tres y a los seis meses.

RESULTADOS

Reclutados 1.047 pacientes, 1.009 (96,8%) fueron elegidos para tratamiento. Se han perdido 134 durante el seguimiento. El tratamiento con risperidona supuso una mejoría significativa en la puntuación media total de la escala IGC y del NPI desde el primer mes en adelante, así como en cada uno de los síntomas psicóticos, afectivos y de conducta evaluados con el NPI. Las puntuaciones totales del índice de Barthel y del MEC han permanecido estables o mejoraron durante el tratamiento. Los síntomas extrapiramidales (temblor y rigidez) mejoraron significativamente a partir del primer mes en los pacientes que recibían tratamiento neuroléptico antes de entrar en el estudio. La risperidona fue bien tolerada; sólo 11 pacientes (1,1%) suspendieron el tratamiento por causa de efectos secundarios. El 95% no ha tenido efectos adversos, el 5% restante sufrió uno o más efectos secundarios: síntomas extrapiramidales (2,6%) y sedación (1,9%) entre otros.

CONCLUSIÓN

La risperidona en dosis bajas es eficaz y bien tolerada en los trastornos de conducta y síntomas psicóticos de la demencia.

Palabras clave:
Demencia
Risperidona
Sintomatología psicótica
Agitación
Trastornos de conducta
SUMMARY
OBJECTIVES

The study objectives were to asses efficiency, dosage, and safety of risperidone in the treatment of psychotic symptoms and behavioural disturbances of patients with dementia.

PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS

In an open label, observational, multicentric, and prospective study, we had included a total of 1009 patients diagnosed of dementia according to DSM-IV, together with psychotic symptoms as well as behavioural disturbances. In those considered for treatment low dose risperidone was initiated (mean dose 1.24 ± 0.84 mg daily). Risperidone treatment was assessesd by the Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Miniexamen Cognoscitivo (MEC), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Barthel index, UKU subscale for neurological side effects, and spontaneous reports for other adverse events. Patients were evaluated at baseline and in months 1, 3, and 6.

RESULTS

Of a total 1047 patients, 1009 (96.8%) were elegible for treatment. A hundred and thirty-four patients (13.3%) dropped out. Risperidone produced a significant improvement in the mean total scores of CGI and NPI scales from month 1 onwards, as well as in each of the psychotic, behavioural and affective symptoms of NPI. The Barthel Index and MEC mean total scores were unchanged or improved at the end of the study vs. baseline. The extrapyramidal symptoms (tremor, rigidity) significantly improved from month one onwards in patients who received treatment with other neuroleptics prior to the start of the study. Risperidone was well tolerated, only 11 patients (1.1%) discontinued treatment due to adverse events. Ninetyfive percent of the patients did not suffer any adverse events; the remaining 5% suffered one or more side effects: extrapyramidal symptoms (2.6%), and sedation (1.9%) among others.

CONCLUSION

Low dose risperidone is an effective, well tolerated drug in dementia related behavioural disturbances and psychotic symptoms.

Key words:
Dementia
Risperidone
Psychotic symptoms
Agitation
Behavioural disurbances
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Grupo para el Estudio de la Risperidona en la Demencia: Abizanda P, Acosta D, Aguiló A, Ajuriagoescoechea S, Alamillo I, Albarracín M, Albert I, Alkorta L, Almazán JM, Alonso D, Alsina JM, Alsina JM, Alvear MJ, Andrade J, Anido J, Arbona MA, Arcas L, Ariño S, Arriola E, Aulló E, Ausín L, Ayerdi C, Ballester F, Banatar JS, Barbosa J, Barcalá F, Barcena F, Barrera R a, Beltrán A, Benítez MD, Bermúdez JA, Betancor C, Biedma L, Blay E, Borrás B, Borrell J, Boyero I, Brunet J, Bugidos R, Caballero MA, Cabañuz L, Cadiñanos J, Callen C, Camarón JI, Camps AL, Cano JL, Cañadas G, Carbón M, Carceller MA, Cardona A, Carmona J, Carrillo JC, Cartagena J, Cartagena E, Castrillo E, Castro E, Castro E, Catena J, Cavero C, Celaya MA, Celda E, Celdrán M, Charani F, Cielos MJ, Cifuentes R, Collado FJ, Collantes JA, Comet V, Cordeo L, Corral R, Cortés JV, Costizo O, Cots N, Cucullo JM, de Antonio JA, de la Fuente E, de la Maza P, del Coz F, del Rio JA, Delgado G, Díaz FJ, Dioz JM, Domenech JR, Duarte C, Durán JC, Elias A, Enrique MA, Esbri M, Escribano T, Espejo J, Estañ F, Esteban S, Estivill J, Feijoo E, Fernández JA, Fernández E, Fernández A, Fernández M, Fernández M, Fernández C, Ferreres CF, Fonte L, Formica A, Fortuny N, Francas MA, Francés A, Francés J M, Franco M, Galán JL, Galindo M, Gallego M, Galvá MI, Gamboa B, García MA, García F, García JC, García C, García J, García A, Garriga A, Gasol M, Gasol M, Gastañaga M, Gil J, Gimeno JC, Girón JM, Goikoetxea J, Goirval E, Gómez F, Gómez C, Gómez MT, Gómez C, Gómez A, González A, González JM, González P, González MJ, Gonzalo A, Gracián C, Guerra L, Gutiérrez G, Gutiérrez JR, Gutiérrez V, Hernández JA, Hernández L, Herrera J, Herrera W, Hinojosa J, Idoate FJ, Irizar JM, Irujo JL, Iruretagoyena J, Junyet J, Lachen R, Lázaro J, Lázaro C, Llamazares O, López M P, López JA, López R, López F, Lorente C, Luengo MA, Luengo C, Luna J, Madero E, Marcos S, Marín JM, Marín B, Martín L, Martín C, Martín S, Martín E, Martínez F, Martínez F, Martínez A, Martínez MC, Martínez PC, Mas F, Maturona N, Mayoral MJ, Medina JC, Mellado L, Melo JB, Méndez-Cabeza M, Merino C, Mesa P, Midón J, Miranda MA, Molina M, Moreno C, Moya JA, Muñoz MT, Navarro C, Nuñez A, Olcoz MT, Ortyíz JG, Otermín J, Palacios J, Palma J, Pascual B, Pascual J, Payet A, Pedreira C, Pereda M, Perelló M, Pérez A, Pérez I, Pérez JL, Pérez S, Pérez L, Perlado F, Pinilla M, Portales S, Portela DF, Prieto A, Prieto A, Puerta A, Puerta C, Puertas A, Ramón E, Ramos P, Rebordosa J, Riba J, Rivera S, Robledillo R, Roca I, Roca E, Roda AM, Rodríguez G, Rodríguez JP, Rodríguez JA, Rodríguez S, Rodríguez A, Rodríguez C, Rodríguez A, Rojas MA, Roldán R, Román M, Romero R, Ros J, Rovira G, Ruíz F, Ruiz R, Salvador X, Nouelo MB, Sánchez JA, Sanchis JF, Sanchís JJ, Santiago P, Santo E, Santoja J, Santos J, Sanz MC, Sarrias R, Segalés D, Seijó M, Shubbi A, Sierras JF, Solá R, Sureda N, Terrón C, Tobaruela JL, Toboso J, Toril J, Torras A, Torreira S, Torres B, Trelis J, Trias R, Tuero R, Valiño JL, Valldosera J, Vargas J, Vargas M, Vázquez MC, Velacoracho M, Viñuela F, Yanes A, Zemar GA.

Copyright © 2001. Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
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