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Resumen
La familia de las proteínas conocidas como sinucleínas está compuesta por la α, la β y la γ-sinucleína. La proteína α-sinucleína es la más estudiada por su participación en procesos esenciales del sistema nervioso central. La neurotoxicidad de esta proteína está relacionada con la presencia de multiplicaciones (duplicaciones y triplicaciones) y mutaciones puntuales en la secuencia génica del gen de la α-sinucleína (SNCA), expresión diferencial de sus isoformas, así como variaciones en las modificaciones postransduccionales. Está relacionada con las inclusiones citoplasmáticas conocidas como cuerpos de Lewy y las neuritas de Lewy presentes también en las denominadas α-sinucleinopatías. En general, la proteína β-sinucleína codificada por el gen SNCB interviene como regulador de los procesos desencadenados por la α-sinucleína, viéndose alterada su función por variaciones en la secuencia génica, mientras que γ-sinucleína, codificada por el gen SNCG, parece jugar un papel transcendental en determinados procesos tumorales.
Palabras clave:
Sinucleínas
Demencia por cuerpos de Lewy
Enfermedad de Parkinson
Genética
Abstract
The protein family known as synucleins is composed of α-, β- and γ-synuclein. The most widely studied is the α-synuclein protein due to its participation in essential processes of the central nervous system. Neurotoxicity of this protein is related to the presence of multiplications (duplications and triplications) and point mutations in the gene sequence of the α-synuclein gene (SNCA), differential expression of its isoforms and variations in post-transductional modifications. Neurotoxicity is also related to cytoplasmic inclusions known as Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs), which are also present in α-synucleinopathies. In general, the β-synuclein protein, codified by the SNCB gene, acts as a regulator of processes triggered by α-synuclein and its function is altered by variations in the gene sequence, while γ-synuclein, codified by the SNCG gene, seems to play a major role in certain tumoral processes.
Keywords:
Synucleins
Lewy body dementia
Parkinson's disease
Genetics
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