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Inicio Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología Programa de entrenamiento de memoria para mayores con alteraciones de memoria: r...
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Vol. 38. Issue 6.
Pages 316-326 (January 2003)
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Vol. 38. Issue 6.
Pages 316-326 (January 2003)
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Programa de entrenamiento de memoria para mayores con alteraciones de memoria: resultados y predictores
Multifactorial memory training programme in elderly with memory impairment: results and predictors
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11096
P. Montejo
Corresponding author
montejop@wanadoo.es

Correspondencia: Unidad de Memoria. Sección de Gestión de Programas. Departamento de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud. Área de Salud y Consumo. Ayuntamiento de Madrid. Navas de Tolosa, 10. 28013 Madrid. España.
Unidad de Memoria. Departamento de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud. Área de Salud y Consumo. Ayuntamiento de Madrid. Madrid. España
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Resumen
Introducción

Las alteraciones de la memoria en los mayores son muy frecuentes y están bien documentadas. Este fenómeno recibe diversos nombres, de los cuales el más utilizado es el de deterioro de la memoria asociado a la edad. Actualmente, y cada vez más, para tratar esta alteración se han desarrollado programas de entrenamiento cognitivo o de memoria. El Departamento de Salud del Ayuntamiento de Madrid ha elaborado un programa de entrenamiento de memoria multifactorial para mayores que se realiza en los 13 centros municipales de salud.

Objetivos

Estudiar los resultados de este programa en una población de mayores de 65 años con alteraciones de memoria, comprobar el mantenimiento de los resultados a los 6 meses e investigar los predictores de resultados.

Pacientes y método

La muestra estaba compuesta por 1.083 sujetos que participaron en el programa de entrenamiento de la memoria. Se realizó una evaluación preentrenamiento, una posterior y otra a los 6 meses. Entre otras pruebas se utilizaron el Mini Examen Cognoscitivo (MEC), el Test de Memoria Rivermead (RBMT), la Escala Geriátrica de Depresión (GDS) y los Cuestionario de Olvidos Cotidianos (MFE). El método de entrenamiento utilizado es el de la Unidad de Memoria del Ayuntamiento de Madrid (método UMAM).

Resultados

La mejoría objetiva de memoria para todo el grupo fue del 40% («d» de Cohen, 0,95) y mejoró el 77% de los sujetos. En cuanto a la valoración subjetiva, mejoró el 75% de los sujetos («d» de Cohen, 0,64). También se observó una mejora en el estado de ánimo. Estos cambios se han mantenido a los 6 meses. Como variables predictoras de resultados encontramos la edad, el MEC, el GHQ y la GDS preentrenamiento, aunque el porcentaje de varianza explicada es muy reducido.

Conclusiones

El método multifactorial de entrenamiento de memoria UMAM produce una mejoría objetiva y subjetiva de la memoria en mayores con alteraciones de la memoria, y esta mejoría se mantiene a los 6 meses. El valor predictivo de las variables estudiadas es bajo.

Palabras clave:
Memoria
Entrenamiento de memoria
Pérdida de memoria asociada a la edad
Deterioro cognoscitivo
Predictores
Anciano
Abstract
Introduction

Deficits in memory performance in later life are frequent and well documented. There are several terms that refer to this phenomenon and the most commonly used is age associated memory impairment (AAMI). Currently, cognitive or memory training programmes are increasingly being used to treat this deficit. The Department of Health of the City of Madrid has developed a multifactorial memory training programme for older people which is carried out in 13 City Health Centres.

Objectives

To study the effects of this programme in a sample of users aged more than 65 years with memory impairment, to determine the persistence of the results after 6 months, and to investigate predictors of results.

Patients and method

The sample was composed of 1,083 subjects who underwent memory training. The subjects were assessed before and after training and after 6 months. Among other tests, the Mini Examen Cognoscitivo (MEC), the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Memory Failures of Everyday (MFE) were used. The training method used (UMAM method) was developed by the Memory Unit of the City of Madrid.

Results

Objective memory improvement for the entire group was 40% (Cohen’s «d», 0.95) and 77% of the subjects improved. Seventy- five percent of the subjects improved in subjective memory functioning (Cohen’s «d», 0.64). Improvement in mood was also observed. These changes were maintained after 6 months. The predictive variables were age, MEC, GHQ and GDS scores before training, but the percentage of explained variance was very low.

Conclusions

The multifactorial memory training programme, UMAM, improves objective and subjective memory functioning in older people with memory impairment and the benefits persist after 6 months. The predictive value of the variables studied is low.

Key words:
Memory
Memory training
Age associated memory impairment
Cognitive impairment
Predictors
Elderly
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