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Inicio Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular (English Edition) Sarcoidosis mimicking metastatic gynaecological malignancies: A diagnostic and t...
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Vol. 32. Issue 5.
Pages 314-317 (September - October 2013)
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Vol. 32. Issue 5.
Pages 314-317 (September - October 2013)
Clinical note
Sarcoidosis mimicking metastatic gynaecological malignancies: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge?
Sarcoidosis imitando metástasis de cáncer ginecológico: ¿un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico?
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P. Mapellia,
Corresponding author
mapelli.paola@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, G. Mangilib, M. Picchioa,c, E. Rabaiottib, L. Gianollia, C. Messac,d, M. Candianib
a Department of Nuclear Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
b Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
c Institute for Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
d Department of Nuclear Medicine, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza,Italy
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Abstract

Several case reports describing the coexistence of sarcoidosis and malignancy have been published. Therefore, sarcoidosis should always be considered as a differential diagnosis when a cancer patient develops lymphadenopathy. Positron-emission tomography (PET) 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) combined with computed tomography (CT) is widely used for cancer staging and surveillance because it permits localization of metabolically active malignant tissue. PET/CT or CT findings in patients with suspected cancer recurrence can be used to guide early and aggressive therapy. However, benign hypermetabolic lymphadenopathy can mimic malignant lymphadenopathy, both on a conventional CT scan and on PET/CT. Thus, it is important to obtain a histological diagnosis before initiating antineoplastic therapy based on imaging findings. Four cases of patients affected by gynaecological malignancies and coexisting sarcoidosis are reported in this study. Furthermore, the clinical relevance of making a differential diagnosis between gynaecological cancer recurrence and granulomatous disorder is given specific mention.

Keywords:
Gynaecological malignancies
Sarcoidosis
FDG-PET/CT
PET/CT false positive
Resumen

Se han publicado casos clínicos que describen la asociación entre el cáncer y la sarcoidosis; por esta razón, la sarcoidosis siempre debe ser incluída en el diagnóstico diferencial cuando un paciente con cáncer presenta linfadenopatía. La tomografía de emisión de positrones (PET) con 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-desoxi-d-glucosa (FDG) combinada con la tomografía computarizada (TC) se utiliza ampliamente para la estadificación y la vigilancia del cáncer, ya que permite la localización de tejido maligno metabólicamente activo; los resultados de la PET/TC o TC en pacientes con sospecha de recurrencia de cáncer se pueden utilizar para guiar un tratamiento temprano y agresivo. Sin embargo, una adenopatía hipermetabólica benigna puede ser similar a una adenopatía maligna tanto en la TC como en la PET/TC por lo que es importante disponer de un diagnóstico histológico antes de iniciar una terapia antineoplásica basada en las imágenes. En este estudio se presentan cuatro pacientes con tumores ginecológicos malignos y sarcoidosis y se menciona la importancia clínica del diagnóstico diferencial entre recidiva tumoral y enfermedad granulomatosa.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer ginecológico
Sarcoidosis
FDG-PET/CT
PET/CT falso positivo

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