Sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with operable breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy | Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular (English Edition)

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        "titulo" => "Biopsia del ganglio centinela en pacientes con c&#225;ncer de mama operable tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Breast cancer is the most frequent tumor in Western women&#44; with the probability of developing the disease before the age of 75 years having been estimated at 8&#37;&#46; This incidence is increasing at an annual rhythm of 1&#8211;2&#37; due to the progressive ageing of the population&#46; However&#44; a continued reduction has been observed in the mortality by this disease and 76&#37; of Spanish women with breast cancer remain alive 5 years after diagnosis&#46; This reduction in mortality is due to two fundamental pillars&#58; early diagnosis and the advances in surgical and oncological treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are two fundamental premises in breast cancer surgery&#58; acceptation of conservative surgery as the standard treatment and the doubts related to the therapeutic efficacy of axillary lymphadenectomy&#46; In addition&#44; lymphadenectomy produces marked morbidity&#44; with severe and definitive complications such as lymphedema&#46; At present increasingly more breast cancers are diagnosed in early stages&#44; questioning the role of the lymphadenectomy&#44; since most of these patients do not have axillary involvement&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Scintigraphic and intraoperative detection of the sentinel lymph node &#40;SLN&#41; is currently considered as a standard technique in the surgical treatment of breast cancer with the aim of avoiding unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection at the time of disease staging thereby decreasing the morbidity of this procedure and allowing a more extensive histopathological study&#46; In the last years there has been a clear trend to an increase in the number of patients who may benefit from SLNB in breast cancer&#44; including different indications from those initially considered&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;6</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neoadjuvant chemotherapy &#40;NCT&#41; &#40;preoperative&#44; induction&#44; primary systemic therapy&#41; has been the standard treatment in women with inoperable&#44; locally advanced or inflammatory&#44; breast cancer&#44; with evidence supporting its use in early stages&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a> The indication of NCT is adequate in patients with tumors of 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm or even smaller when conservative surgery is not possible&#46; Patients with operable breast cancer have tumors in stages I to III-A &#40;T1&#8211;T3&#44; N0&#8211;N1&#44; M0&#41; and may be treated with multiple therapeutic strategies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The administration of NCT has the following possible advantages&#58; it converts an initially non-surgical breast cancer into one that is operable&#44; increases the number of conservative surgeries&#44; evaluates the sensitivity of the tumor to chemotherapy <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vivo</span>&#44; initiates systemic treatment early and is a model for clinical or translational investigation&#46; The potential disadvantages include&#58; delay in local treatment&#44; the risk of progression during treatment and imprecise axillary staging&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has classically been considered a contraindication for SLNB since the fibrotic changes produced in the primary tumor and in the axillary region &#40;in both the lymph nodes and the lymph channels&#41; and the presence of cellular material or metastatic emboli in the lymph channels of patients with tumors in more advanced stages could cause obstruction of lymph flow or deviation to other lymph node stations&#46; Likewise&#44; the response of the lymph nodes to chemotherapy may not be uniform&#44; not being the sentinel lymph node &#40;SLN&#41; in these cases and reflecting axillary status&#46; Nonetheless&#44; numerous groups have reported their experience with SLNB after NCT&#44; albeit with contradictory results&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;12</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At present the convenience of performing SLNB prior to or after primary systemic treatment is under question&#44; as are the advantages or disadvantages of when it should be performed&#46; If the fundamental objectives of SLNB are correct staging and avoidance of unnecessary lymphadenectomies in patients without lymph node involvement&#44; it seems logical that both objectives may be achieved if this diagnostic procedure is selectively carried out prior to or after NCT&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;15</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main objective of this study was to attempt to validate SLNB with periareolar injection of a radiotracer in patients with operable breast cancer previously treated with primary systemic chemotherapy&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Materials and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Study design</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We performed a descriptive study of a series of prospective cases&#46; The method followed for accreditation of the procedure is statistical validation of a consecutive registry of cases&#46; The relationship between the histological results of the SLN and its correspondence with axillary lymph node status was analyzed as were the main clinical characteristics of the patients&#58; age&#44; menopausal status&#44; size and localization of the tumor in the breast&#44; axillary status at diagnosis&#44; histological tumor type&#44; clinical and pathological response of the tumor&#46; We also compared the results obtained with our values in the SLNB validation phase in patients with breast cancer in early stages without primary systemic treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From January 2008 to January 2011 we prospectively studied 93 women consecutively selected from among patients referred to the Functional Oncologic Breast Cancer Unit of the University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves in Granada who fulfilled the following inclusion criteria&#58; operable breast cancer histologically confirmed by thick needle biopsy puncture who had undergone preoperative primary systemic chemotherapy&#44; breast cancer surgery and SLNB with immediate axillary lymphadenectomy&#46; We excluded women with inflammatory breast carcinoma&#44; previous breast surgery or axillary or breast radiotherapy&#44; multifocal or multicentric tumors&#44; systemic metastatic disease or second neoplasm&#44; women who were pregnant or in lactation&#44; under 18 years of age&#44; with a history of allergy to human albumin or who withdrew consent at any time during the study&#46; A total of 88 patients &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; were finally included&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Axillary status was established by physical examination&#44; axillary ultrasonography and ultrasound-guided puncture of the suspicious lymph nodes at both diagnosis and at the end of chemotherapy&#46; Evaluation of the grade of clinical response to NCT was made from the changes produced in tumor size by physical examination and conventional imaging techniques&#44; being classified as&#58; complete response &#40;cCR&#41;&#44; partial response &#40;cPR&#41; or no response &#40;cNR&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients received the following sequential chemotherapy regimen&#58; 4 cycles of epirubicin &#40;90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; and cyclophosphamide &#40;600<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; every 21 days&#44; followed by 4 cycles of docetaxel &#40;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; combined with trastuzumab &#40;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#44; 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg day 1&#41; in patients with overexpression of HER-2 every 21 days&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Written informed consent was obtained from all the patients&#46; The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Clinical Trials of our hospital&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Scintigraphic and intraoperative detection of the sentinel lymph node</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The afternoon prior to surgery&#44; 99mTc-albumin nanocolloid &#40;Nanocoll<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#41; was administered by four intradermic&#47;subdermic injections at the positions of 3&#44; 6&#44; 9 and 12 o&#8217;clock around the areola of the affected breast&#46; The volume of each injection was 0&#46;2&#8211;0&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml with a total activity administered ranging from 74 to 111<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MBq &#40;2&#8211;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mCi&#41;&#46; Immediately after injection of the radiotracer a scintigraphy was carried out with planar acquisition of static images at least in two projections &#40;anterior and lateral or anterior oblique at 45&#176;&#41; until visualization of the SLN&#44; with the following technical parameters of acquisition&#58; low energy and general purpose collimator&#44; energy window&#58; 140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#37; keV&#44; matrix 256<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>256&#44; 180<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s per image&#46; The SLN was considered the lymph node&#40;s&#41; visualized&#44; especially if connected to a lymphatic channel&#46; Once the SLN has been identified its location is marked with a waterproof ink felt pen on the skin of the patient who is placed in a position similar to that of the surgical intervention&#46; At the time of surgery&#44; the SLN was considered the lymph node identified in the territory determined by the lymphoscintigraphy presenting the greatest activity with the gamma probe in the surgical bed and those surpassing 10&#37; of the activity of the lymph node with greatest uptake &#40;rule of 10&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Anatomopathologic study</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The SLN was analyzed by two techniques throughout this study&#46; In the first 32 patients intraoperative histological analysis of the SLN was performed with slices by freezing and deferred analysis with hematoxylin&#8211;eosin &#40;H&#8211;E&#41; staining and immunohistochemistry with anti-cytokeratin antibodies &#40;clone AE1&#47;AE3&#41;&#46; The SLN was classified as&#58; negative for metastasis&#44; isolated tumoral cells &#40;ITC&#44; size less than 0&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41;&#44; micrometastasis &#40;from 0&#46;2 to 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41; or macrometastasis &#40;size greater than 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the remaining 49 patients the OSNA &#40;one-step amplification of nucleic acid&#41; molecular procedure was applied&#46; The results were expressed semi-quantitatively in three different categories according to the correlation between the number of tumoral cells per volume of tissue and the number of mRNA copies of cytokeratin 19 &#40;CK19&#41; per tumoral cell&#58; macrometastasis &#40;more than 5000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>copies&#47;&#956;l&#41;&#44; micrometastasis &#40;from 250 and 5000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>copies&#47;&#956;l&#41; or absence of metastasis &#40;less than 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>copies&#47;&#956;l&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The lymph nodes of the lymphadenectomy were analyzed with H&#8211;E staining and immunohistochemistry when considered necessary&#46; Pathological response of the primary tumor to NCT was evaluated in the breast piece&#44; being classified as&#58; complete pathological response &#40;pCR&#41; or persistence of infiltrating residual disease &#40;pNR&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the descriptive analysis the quantitative variables were expressed as mean&#44; typical deviation&#44; minimum and maximum and for the description of the qualitative variables we calculated the frequency and relative percentage in the population&#46; Contingency tables were designed &#40;table 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41; to calculate the sensitivity&#44; specificity&#44; positive predictive value &#40;PPV&#41;&#44; negative predictive value &#40;NPV&#41; and the diagnostic precision of the technique&#44; accompanied by estimation of the confidence interval of 95&#37; &#40;CI&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the analysis of the differences in the categoric variables we used the Pearson Chi-square test&#44; the Fisher exact test with a bilateral perspective or the Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span>-test and for the differences in the mean values of the continuous values we used the Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test&#46; A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> value<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 was considered as statistically significant&#46; Data were analyzed with the EpiDat version 3&#46;1 and SPSS version 13&#46;0&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main clinical and pathological characteristics at diagnosis of the patients included in the study are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; Anatomopathological confirmation was obtained in 24 of the 37 patients clinically and&#47;or ultrasonographically axilla-positive at diagnosis&#46; Of the remaining 13 women&#44; the biopsy was negative in 3 and could not be performed in 10 due to technical difficulties related to the anatomical localization of the suspicious lymph node or its proximity to vascular structures&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Following the NCT 38 patients &#40;43&#46;2&#37;&#41; presented cCR at the level of the primary tumor&#44; 45 patients &#40;51&#46;1&#37;&#41; had cPR and 5 patients &#40;5&#46;7&#37;&#41; showed cNR&#46; All the patients were clinically and echographically axilla-negative after treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Surgery was performed from 17 to 23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after the administration of the radiotracer&#44; consisting in conservative breast surgery in 82 of the women studied &#40;93&#46;2&#37;&#41; and modified radical mastectomy in 6 &#40;6&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#46; Lymphadenectomy was performed at Berg axillary levels I and II in all the patients&#46; The mean number of lymph nodes removed&#44; including the SLN&#44; was 13&#46;2 &#40;typical deviation&#58; 4&#46;4&#41; with a range of 3&#8211;24 lymph nodes&#46; The mean time from the date of the last NCT cycle to surgery was of 38&#46;4 natural days &#40;typical deviation&#58; 11&#46;3&#41; with a minimum of 21 and a maximum of 80 days&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the results of the SLN and the pathological axillary status in both the total population and the groups of patients with clinically&#47;ultrasonographically axilla-negative &#40;cN0&#41; or -positive &#40;cN1&#41; patients at diagnosis&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> depicts the main parameters of diagnostic validity of SLNB in the patients treated with NCT with the estimation of the CI 95&#37;&#44; percentage of identification of the SLN&#44; rate of FN&#44; NPV and diagnostic precision&#46; In our experience&#44; on validating the technique in patients with early stage breast cancer without primary systemic treatment&#44; the SLN has been identified in 96&#46;9&#37; of the cases with a rate of FN of 4&#46;3&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of the anatomopathologic study of the SLN were the following&#58; 46 negative&#44; 2 ITC&#44; 20 micrometastasis and 13 macrometastasis&#46; In 51&#46;5&#37; of the women with positive results all the SLN identified were affected&#46; Axillary involvement of the SLN identified was only present in 69&#46;4&#37; of the patients &#40;17 micrometastasis and 8 macrometastasis&#41;&#46; Other axillary adenopathies showed metastasis in 15&#37; of the women with micrometastasis and 38&#46;5&#37; of those with macrometastasis in the SLN&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of the three patients with FN results of the SLN&#44; one corresponded to the cN0 group and two to the cN1 without anatomopathologic confirmation of axillary status&#46; In the 24 cN1 patients with confirmation of axillary status the SLN was identified in 79&#46;2&#37; of the cases with no FN results&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The definitive anatomopathologic study after surgery showed pCR to NCT in the primary tumor in 25 patients &#40;28&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46; In 54&#46;5&#37; of the cases the axilla was negative in the final pathologic examination&#46; Only 14&#46;8&#37; of the patients showed pCR in both the primary tumor and the axilla&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On univariate analysis the percentage of identification of the SLN was significantly lower in cN1 compared with cN0 patients &#40;83&#46;8 and 98&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;015&#41;&#46; In the remaining variables studied no statistically significant differences were found in either SLN identification or the rate of FN &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On comparing the number of axillary lymph nodes removed in the patients who had received NCT and in women in the SLNB validation phase with early stage breast cancer without primary systemic treatment&#44; no statistically significant differences were found in the mean number of SLN identified&#44; the mean number of axillary lymph nodes resected or the number of patients with less than 10 lymph nodes removed in the lymphadenectomy &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On analyzing the results obtained in our group of patients we observed that both the percentage of SLN identification and the rate of FN did not achieve the classically recommended values in the process of SLNB validation &#40;rate of at least 95&#37; identification of SLN with a rate of FN of 5&#37; or less&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In our population&#44; the SLN was identified in 92&#37; of the cases with a rate of FN of 8&#46;3&#37;&#46; Nonetheless&#44; these values are similar to those reported in the literature in the usual clinical conditions in both women with early stage breast cancer and in those treated with primary systemic chemotherapy&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Classe et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> obtained a percentage of SLN identification of 90&#46;2&#37; and a rate of FN of 11&#46;5&#37;&#46; In our country&#44; Duch et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> prospectively evaluated post-NCT SLNB in 30 patients with breast cancer in stages T2&#8211;3&#44; N0&#8211;1&#44; M0 before the initiation of treatment&#44; with a rate of SLN detection of 90&#37; and a rate of FN of 9&#37;&#46; In the systematic reviews of Xing et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Kelly et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> and van Deurzen et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> the percentages of SLN identification were estimated to be 90&#37; &#40;CI 95&#37;&#58; 88&#8211;91&#37;&#41;&#44; 89&#46;6&#37; &#40;CI 95&#37;&#58; 86&#46;0&#8211;92&#46;3&#37;&#41; and 90&#46;9&#37; &#40;CI 95&#37;&#58; 88&#46;0&#8211;93&#46;1&#37;&#41; with a rate of FN of 12&#37; &#40;CI 95&#37;&#58; 9&#8211;16&#37;&#41;&#44; 8&#46;4&#37; &#40;CI 95&#37;&#58; 6&#46;4&#8211;10&#46;9&#37;&#41; and 10&#46;5&#37; &#40;CI 95&#37;&#58; 8&#46;1&#8211;13&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; respectively&#46; In the 69 articles including 8059 patients with early stage breast cancer included in the meta-analysis by Kim et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> the mean percentage of SLN identification was 89&#37; &#40;CI 95&#37;&#58; 86&#46;0&#8211;92&#46;0&#37;&#41; and the rate of FN was 8&#46;4&#37; &#40;CI 95&#37;&#58; 6&#46;8&#8211;10&#46;0&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Axillary status at diagnosis is the most controversial clinical variable in the literature in relation to the diagnostic precision of SLNB in patients treated with NCT&#44; and most of the studies include patients with clinically negative axilla at diagnosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Hunt et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> analyzed the results of SLNB in 3746 patients with T1&#8211;T3 and clinically negative axilla breast cancer 575 of whom had received NCT&#46; On adjusting the results for clinical stage no differences were found in locoregional recurrence&#44; disease-free survival or overall survival between the two groups of patients&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our experience the percentage of SLN identification in the cN0 patients was 98&#37; and 83&#46;8&#37; in the cN1 patients &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;015&#41;&#44; with no significant differences in the rate of FN &#40;9&#46;5 and 6&#46;7&#37;&#44; respectively&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;503&#41;&#46; In 6 of the 7 patients in whom the SLN was not identified&#44; the axilla was cN1 prior to initiating treatment&#46; The diagnostic precision of the SLNB was similar in both groups&#58; cN0&#58; 96&#37; &#40;CI 95&#37;&#58; 89&#46;6&#8211;100&#37;&#41;&#59; and cN1&#58; 96&#46;8&#37; &#40;CI 95&#37;&#58; 88&#46;9&#8211;100&#37;&#41;&#46; These results coincide with those of other authors who reported that a positive axillary status at diagnosis diminished the capacity of SLN identification but did not modify its diagnostic precision&#46; Lee et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> studied 875 patients 219 of whom had received NCT for presenting positive axillary lymph nodes at diagnosis in either the clinical examination or by imaging techniques&#46; The percentage of SLN identification was significantly lower in the group receiving chemotherapy compared with the group which did not undergo previous treatment 77&#46;6&#37; and 97&#37;&#44; respectively &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; To the contrary&#44; the rate of FN did not show significant differences between the patients with NCT &#40;5&#46;6&#37;&#41; and those without &#40;7&#46;4&#37;&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;681&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our case&#44; on analyzing the criteria of evaluation and the standards of quality of the self-examination guidelines of the Spanish Society of Senology and Breast Disease &#40;SESPM&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> of the three operative criteria considered essential for implementing SLNB post-NCT in the health care process for breast cancer&#44; the sensitivity accredited corresponds to level I of the standard &#40;90&#8211;95&#37;&#44; fulfill the minimum requisites&#44; but the results can be markedly improved&#41;&#59; the technical efficacy of SLN detection is associated with level II in the total population &#40;85-95&#37;&#44; sufficiently fulfill the minimum requisites required&#41;&#44; level III in N0 patients &#40;&#62;95&#37;&#44; completely fulfill the requisites&#41; and level 0 in the N1 patients &#40;&#60;85&#37;&#44; do not fulfill the minimum requisites required&#41;&#59; and the average axillary SLN per patient is related to level II &#40;&#60;2&#46;2&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on these results and review of the literature&#44; although it is true that the lower percentage of SLN identification in the axilla-positive patients would not avoid lymphadenectomy in these cases&#44; intraoperative analysis of the SLN preserves its diagnostic validity for decision making in relation to the surgical treatment and the staging of the axilla&#46; In our series axillary lymphadenectomy could have been avoided in 45 patients with a truly negative SLN result &#40;51&#46;1&#37; of the cases&#41;&#46; In addition&#44; 69&#46;4&#37; of the axilla-positive patients in the definitive anatomopathologic study&#44; the SLN was the only lymph node affected&#46; The performance of SLNB after NCT has the advantages that it allows identification of patients with axillary pCR &#40;20&#8211;40&#37; of the cases&#41;&#44; it provides prognostic information for the selection of adjuvant therapies and reduces the number of unnecessary axillary lymphadenectomies&#44; maintaining the conventional surgical sequence after chemotherapy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a></p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For years it has been considered that NCT produces a reduction in the number of lymph nodes resected in axillary lymphadenectomy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> In our patients the NCT did not produce a reduction in the mean number of lymph nodes removed in the lymphadenectomy&#44; in the proportion of emptying with 10 or more axillary lymph nodes or in the number of SLN identified during surgery&#46; Straver et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> analyzed the results of lymphadenectomy in 191 women after NCT and 192 women undergoing primary surgery and axillary lymphadenectomy after one positive SLN&#46; There were no differences between the two groups in the mean number of lymph nodes resected&#44; 16&#46;3 and 15&#46;8 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;4&#41; or in the proportion of patients with a retrieval of less than 10 lymph nodes &#40;7 and 6&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;7&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our case we used the perioareolar injection for the administration of the radiotracer&#46; One of the advantages of this technique is that the areola is rich in lymph vessels thereby facilitating the uptake of the radiotracer&#46; Another possible advantage is that the tissue surrounding the areola is less likely to be affected by the secondary changes to NCT&#44; provided that this is not the localization of the primary tumor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> In patients treated with NCT the superficial injection techniques may be greater those of deep injection since the response of the primary tumor to chemotherapy may alter or interrupt normal lymphatic drainage thereby hindering the uptake and migration of the radiotracer when deep routes of administration are used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#44;27</span></a></p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study has several methodological limitations&#46; The first is related to axillary staging at diagnosis&#58; although physical examination and axillary ultrasonography were performed in all the patients&#44; pathological confirmation of axillary status was only obtained in 64&#46;9&#37; of the cN1 cases&#46; There is currently consensus on the need to precisely know the lymph node status in women with breast cancer prior to performing SLNB&#44; and axillary evaluation should include palpation and ultrasound-guided puncture of the suspicious lymph nodes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> Thus&#44; most protocols predetermine the interval between NCT and surgery as a maximum of 4&#8211;6 weeks&#44; coinciding with the time of chemotherapy recuperation and maximum tumoral reduction&#44; and recommend a level of compliance with this indicator of 90&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> In our series only 79&#46;5&#37; of the patients underwent surgery within 42 days after the finalization of chemotherapy&#46; Moreover&#44; two procedures were used for the anatomopathological study of the SLN&#46; The great advantage of the implementation of the OSNA procedure is probably that of achieving standardization of highly sensitive and specific results in order to compare really similar prognostic groups that do not depend on either the procedure of SLN study or the pathologist doing it&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Lastly&#44; the process of validation has limitations since axillary lymphadenectomy must be completed for its determination&#44; thereby invalidating the practical use of SLNB&#44; and its permanent nature does not allow periodical evaluation&#46; New indicators of quality should be elaborated and applied to evaluate the aspects related to SLNB without the need to perform axillary lymphadenectomy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In patients with breast cancer treated with NCT the use of SLNB with periareolar injection of albumin nanocolloid is a technically feasible procedure which fulfills the operative criteria essential for the implementation of SLNB in the health care process for breast cancer according to the self-examination guidelines of the SESPM&#44; despite not achieving the classically recommended parameters in the process of SLNB validation&#46; In our patients NCT did not reduce either the number of SLN identified or the axillary lymph nodes removed in the axillary lymphadenectomy&#46; We consider that the inclusion of SLNB post-NCT in the systematic algorithms of the management of patients with breast cancer who are candidates for primary systemic therapy conduces to an important reduction in unnecessary axillary lymphadenectomies</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Financial support</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was financially supported by the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs0005">Consejer&#237;a de Salud de la Junta de Andaluc&#237;a</span>&#44; number <span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs0005">PI-0080&#47;2007</span>&#44; subventions for financing Biomedical Investigation and Health Sciences in Andalusia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            0 => "Resumen"
            1 => "Objetivo"
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              "titulo" => "Scintigraphic and intraoperative detection of the sentinel lymph node"
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              "titulo" => "Anatomopathologic study"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2011-03-29"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2011-04-26"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec107585"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Breast cancer"
            1 => "Sentinel lymph node"
            2 => "Neoadjuvant chemotherapy"
            3 => "Primary systemic therapy"
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        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec107584"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "C&#225;ncer de mama"
            1 => "Ganglio centinela"
            2 => "Quimioterapia neoadyuvante"
            3 => "Terapia sist&#233;mica primaria"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Aim</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate the accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy &#40;SLNB&#41; in operable breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy &#40;NAC&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Between January 2008 and 2011&#44; 88 women&#44; mean age 49&#46;4 years&#44; with infiltrating breast carcinoma&#44; were studied prospectively&#46; Patients were T1&#8211;3&#44; N0&#8211;1&#44; M0&#46; Prior to surgery&#44; the patients received chemotherapy &#40;epirubicin&#47;cyclophosphamide&#44; docetaxel&#41;&#44; and trastuzumab in Her2&#47;neu-positive patients&#46; Axillary status was established by physical examination&#44; ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of any suspicious lymph node&#46; The day before surgery&#44; 74&#8211;111<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MBq of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">99m</span>Tc-albumin nanocolloid was injected periareolarly&#46; All patients underwent breast surgery&#44; with SLNB&#44; followed by complete axillary lymph node dissection &#40;ALND&#41;&#46; Sentinel lymph node &#40;SLN&#41; was examined by frozen sections&#44; hematoxylin&#8211;eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis or One Step Nucleic Acid Amplification &#40;OSNA&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean tumor size&#58; 3&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#44; histologic type&#58; 69 invasive ductal&#44; 16 invasive lobular and 3 others&#46; Thirty-seven patients had clinical&#47;ultrasound node-positive at presentation&#46; Clinical response of primary tumor to NAC&#58; complete in 38&#44; partial in 45&#44; and stable disease in 5 patients&#46; A pathological complete response was achieved in 25&#46; All patients were clinically node-negative after NAC&#46;</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SLN identification rate was 92&#46;0&#37;&#46; Six of 7 patients in whom SLN was not found had clinical&#47;ultrasound positive axilla before NAC&#46; SLN accurately determined the axillary status in 96&#46;5&#37;&#46; False negative rate was 8&#46;3&#37;&#46; In 69&#46;4&#37; of patients&#44; SLN was the only positive node&#46; The mean number of SLN removed was 1&#46;7 and nodes resected from the ALND were 13&#46;2&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SLN biopsy after NAC can predict the axillary status with a high accuracy in patients with breast cancer&#44; avoiding unnecessary ALND&#46;</p>"
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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Validar la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela &#40;BGC&#41; en pacientes con c&#225;ncer de mama tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio prospectivo de enero de 2008 a enero de 2011&#44; 88&#160;pacientes con una edad media de 49&#44;4&#160;a&#241;os&#44; con c&#225;ncer de mama infiltrante T1-3&#44; N0-1&#44; M0&#44; tratadas con epirrubicina&#47;ciclofosfamida&#44; docetaxel y trastuzumab en Her2&#47;neu positivas&#46; El estatus axilar se estableci&#243; por exploraci&#243;n f&#237;sica&#44; ecograf&#237;a axilar y punci&#243;n ecoguiada de ganglios sospechosos&#46; El d&#237;a antes de la cirug&#237;a se inyectaron periareolarmente 74-111&#160;MBq de <span class="elsevierStyleSup">99m</span>Tc-nanocoloide de alb&#250;mina&#46; En todas se realiz&#243; cirug&#237;a mamaria&#44; BGC y linfadenectom&#237;a axilar&#46; El ganglio centinela &#40;GC&#41; se analiz&#243; por cortes de congelaci&#243;n&#44; hematoxilina-eosina&#44; inmunohistoqu&#237;mica u OSNA&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El tama&#241;o medio del tumor fue de 3&#44;5&#160;cm&#46; Seg&#250;n el tipo histol&#243;gico&#44; 69 se clasificaron como ductal infiltrante&#44; 16 como lobulillar infiltrante y 3 como de otro tipo&#46; Treinta y siete pacientes ten&#237;an axila cl&#237;nica&#47;ecogr&#225;fica positiva al diagn&#243;stico&#46; La respuesta cl&#237;nica del tumor primario fue&#58; 38 completa&#44; 45 parcial&#44; 5 no respuesta&#46; En todas las pacientes la axila fue cl&#237;nica&#47;ecogr&#225;fica negativa despu&#233;s del tratamiento&#46; En 25 casos hubo respuesta patol&#243;gica completa en el tumor primario&#46;</p><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El porcentaje de identificaci&#243;n del GC fue del 92&#44;0&#37;&#44; 6 de las 7 pacientes sin migraci&#243;n eran axila cl&#237;nica&#47;ecogr&#225;fica positiva al diagn&#243;stico&#46; En el 96&#44;3&#37; de los casos el GC determin&#243; correctamente el estatus axilar&#46; La tasa de falsos negativos fue del 8&#44;3&#37;&#46; En el 69&#44;4&#37; de los casos el GC era el &#250;nico afectado de la axila&#46; El n&#250;mero medio de GC identificados fue 1&#44;7 y el de ganglios axilares extirpados fue 13&#44;2&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La BGC es una t&#233;cnica factible en pacientes con c&#225;ncer de mama tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante&#44; pudiendo evitar linfadenectom&#237;as innecesarias&#46;</p>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as&#58; Rebollo-Aguirre &#193;C&#44; et al&#46; Biopsia del ganglio centinela en pacientes con c&#225;ncer de mama operable tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante&#46; Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol&#46; 2012&#59;31&#58;117&#8211;23&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CONSORT flow diagram of the patients&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">UEQ&#58; upper external quadrant&#59; NCT&#58; neoadjuvant chemotherapy&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Characteristics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">NCT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Without treatment<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Patients</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Age &#40;years&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mean &#40;range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">49&#46;4 &#40;31&#8211;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">56&#46;5 &#40;26&#8211;79&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Menopausal status</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Premenopausal</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">50 &#40;56&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">29 &#40;45&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Tumor localization</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Right breast</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">47 &#40;53&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;51&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">UEQ</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;60&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;62&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Tumor size &#40;mm&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mean &#40;range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&#46;5 &#40;18&#8211;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#46;9 &#40;6&#8211;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Histological type</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infiltrating ductal</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">69 &#40;78&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">55 &#40;85&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Hormone receptors</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Estrogen</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">65 &#40;73&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">52 &#40;59&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Progesterone</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56 &#40;63&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">54 &#40;61&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">HER-2&#47;neu expression</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;25&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;14&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Ki-67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#37; expression</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;36&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;29&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">TNM classification</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Primary tumor</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;2&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39 &#40;61&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">78 &#40;88&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;38&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;9&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lymph nodes</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51 &#40;58&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;42&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stages</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">39 &#40;61&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II-A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48 &#40;54&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;38&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II-B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;42&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>III-A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;3&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab208227.png"
              ]
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          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical and pathological characteristics of the patients&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
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        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">cN&#58; clinical&#47;ultrasonographic axilla at diagnosis&#59; SLN&#58; sentinel lymph node&#59; pN&#58; pathological axillary status&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
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                0 => """
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total population</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">pN &#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">pN &#40;&#8722;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">pN &#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">pN &#40;&#8722;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SLN &#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SLN &#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SLN &#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">SLN &#40;&#8722;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SLN &#40;&#8722;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SLN &#40;&#8722;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab208228.png"
              ]
            ]
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Contingency tables&#58; results of sentinel lymph node and pathological axillary status&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">cN&#58; clinical&#47;ultrasonographic axilla at diagnosis&#59; FN&#58; false negative&#59; CI 95&#37; confidence interval of 95&#37;&#59; NPV&#58; negative predictive value&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Identification</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Precision</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CI 95&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">96&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">91&#8211;100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">cN0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">50&#47;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#47;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Identification of SLN &#40;81&#47;88&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;332<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;1&#8211;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;1&#8211;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;103<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Range</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;3&#8211;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;3&#8211;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60; 10 lymph nodes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20&#46;4&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">23&#46;4&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;533<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;20 lymph nodes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20&#46;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;008<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                      "titulo" => "La situaci&#243;n del c&#225;ncer en Espa&#241;a"
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                          "etal" => true
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